1. The Civil Rights Movement

2. Civil Rights Movement
· What type of laws did African Americans have in the South?
·  What court case upheld “separate but equal?”

3. Emmett Till

7. Brown v. Board of Education
Outlawed school segregation.
Outlawed Plessy v. Ferguson.
Included VA schools.
Example: Prince Edward County closed for 3 years.

8. Key People in the Brown Case
Thurgood Marshall- lawyer for NAACP, became 1st Black Supreme Court Justice.
Oliver Hill- NAACP lawyer in Virginia

9. Virginia’s Response to Brown v. Board
Massive Resistance- closing of schools
Private schools
White flight- Majority-Minority Rule
Little Rock Crisis

11. Crisis at Little Rock September 1957
“The Little Rock 9”
Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas.
School had approximately 2000 white students.
Two days after school started the “9” were forcefully removed.
President Eisenhower placed troops in Little Rock and “The Little Rock 9” went back to school.

12. Crisis at Little Rock cont.
Troops stayed in Little Rock until the end of the school year.
The next school year the Little Rock public schools closed.
They did not reopen until 1959 after a Supreme Court ruling said they had to.

13. Rosa Parks Refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man.
Led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. led the boycott.

16. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Encouraged the use of nonviolent resistance. (Gandhi)
SCLC leader
Assassinated in Memphis.

17. Students Protest Jim Crow
Greensboro, NC
Freedom Riders- rode buses into segregated terminals throughout the South.
Southern Universities- James Meredith

18. Violence in Birmingham
Led by MLK, Jr.
“Bull” Connor used fire hoses, clubs and snarling dogs to attack black men, women and children.
Nationally televised.

19. Marching in Alabama

20. Malcolm X Leader of the Nation of Islam.
Believed in Black Nationalism.
Advocated a self-defense program.
Broke from the Nation of Islam and was assassinated.

23. Black Panthers Militant black power group
Urged blacks to arm themselves and confront white society.
This would force whites to give them equal rights.
        

24. 1963 March on Washington “I have a dream” speech by MLK.
Helped influence public opinion.
Non-violent, mass protest

26. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Act prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender.
Ended de facto segregation.
Desegregated public accommodations.
President LBJ played an important role in the passage of the act.

27. Voting Rights Act of 1965 Outlawed literacy tests.
Federal registrars were sent to the South to register voters.
Resulted in an increase in African American voters.
President LBJ played an important role in the passage of the act.

28. Questions to be Answered?
What did Brown v. Board outlaw and overturn?
What happened at the March on Washington?
Describe the contributions of Rosa Parks, MLK Jr., and Malcolm X.
Which president played an important role in the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act?
What was the philosophy of MLK, Jr. in the Civil Right Movement?