THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

In this section, you will learn of Britain’s victory in the French and Indian war, and how it forced France to give up its North American colonies.

By the late 1600’s the French had claimed the Ohio River valley, the Mississippi River valley, and the entire Great Lakes region. The French territory of Louisiana stretched from the Appalachian Mountains to the Rocky Mountains.

Some of the French were Jesuit priests who wanted to convert the Native Americans, and others were fur traders.

Native American’s tribes competed with each other to supply furs to the Europeans. Some tribes allied with the French and some with the English.

France and England declared war on each other in 1689 France and England declared war on each other in 1689. The French and English in North America fought each other in a series of wars. Their Native American allies fought with them.

Throughout the French and Indian War, English authorities negotiated with the Native Americans for their military assistance. While not as successful in this as their French counterparts, the English did enjoy some success, due partly to the presence of the Scottish Highlanders, whom the Indians viewed as being similar to them.

The French and English attacked each other’s forts and settlements The French and English attacked each other’s forts and settlements. There were three wars fought without a clear winner.

The final war between the French and English, called The French and Indian War (1754-1763), decided which nation would be in control of North America.

French and Indian War Artifacts

Benjamin Franklin proposed that the English colonies band together under the Albany Plan of Union. This was the first formal proposal to unite the colonies.

England sent General Braddock to help the colonists fight the war England sent General Braddock to help the colonists fight the war. He and George Washington were badly defeated at Fort Duquesne.

General Edward Braddock

Major George Washington

QUICK CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

By the late 1600’s the ______ had claimed the Ohio River valley, the Mississippi River valley, and the entire Great Lakes region. 3) French 4) Native Americans 1) Spanish 2) English

The French territory of Louisiana stretched from the______ to the______. 3) Blue Ridge Mountains, Florida Keys 4) Appalachian Mountains, Rocky Mountains 1) Ohio, Mississippi River 2) Gulf of Mexico, California coast

Native American’s tribes competed with each other to supply______ to the Europeans. 3) food 4) land 1) furs 2) guns

Some Native American tribes allied with the ______and some with the ______. 1) Spanish, English 2) Dutch, Spanish 3) French, Spanish 4) French, English

France and England declared war on each other in the late ______. 1) 1500s 2) 1600s 3) 1700s 4) 1800s

The French and English attacked each other’s forts and settlements The French and English attacked each other’s forts and settlements. There were ______ wars fought without a clear winner. 3) two 4) dozens of 1) three 2) five

A war called ______(1754-1763), decided who would be in control of North America. 1) The Peloponnesian War 2) The French and Indian War 3) The American Revolution 4) The War of the Roses

Benjamin Franklin’s ______ was the first formal proposal to unite the colonies. 1) Albany Plan of Union 2) Declaration of Independence 3) Poor Richard’s Almanac 4) Treaty of Paris

England sent ______to help the colonists fight the war England sent ______to help the colonists fight the war. He and ______were badly defeated at Fort Duquesne. 3) General Ulysses S. Grant, George Washington 4) General Braddock, George Washington 1) Admiral Nelson, General Braddock 2) George Washington, Benjamin Franklin

The British defeated the French at the Battle of Quebec The British defeated the French at the Battle of Quebec. This was the turning point of the war. In the end, victory would go to the British.

The French and Indian War officially ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris ending French power in North America. Britain claimed Florida and all of North America east of the Mississippi.

The Acadians are the descendants of the original French settlers of the northeastern region of North America. In the Great Upheaval of 1755, Acadians were uprooted by the British; some of these resettled in Louisiana, where they became known as Cajuns.

Exile of the Acadians

The Native Americans who had allied with the French attacked the British in what was known as Pontiac’s Rebellion. The British fought viciously and crushed the rebellion.

No authentic images of Pontiac are known to exist

In order to prevent further expensive fights between the colonists and the Native Americans, the British issued the Proclamation of 1763 forbidding colonists from settling west of the Appalachians.

QUICK CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

The British defeated the French at the Battle of Quebec. This______. 1) would result in the defeat of the British 2) battle was ultimately insignificant 3) was the turning point of the war 4) forced a compromise between the two powers

The French and Indian War officially ended in 1763 with the______. 3) Albany Plan of Union 4) Treaty of Versailles 1) Treaty of Paris 2) Council of Trent

The French and Indian War officially ended______. 1) with the Albany Plan of Union 2) in 1754 3) French power in North America 4) aggression between the French and English

The Native Americans who had allied with the French attacked the British in what was known as______. 1) Pontiac’s Rebellion 2) the Battle of Little Bighorn 3) Bacon’s Rebellion 4) the Stono Rebellion

The Proclamation of 1763 forbade the colonists from settling ______. 1) west of the Appalachians 2) Spanish Florida 3) north into the Yukon Territory 4) south of the Río Grande