1. Opener – 5 minutes
Carefully read “French and Indian War” found on pages of your textbook.

2. Notebook: page 24
What caused the French and Indian War, and how did it affect North America?

3. Today’s objective:
Describe the role of the French and Indian War, how British policy toward the colonies in America changed from to 1775, and colonial dissatisfaction with the new policy.

4. French and Indian War

5. The French and Indian War
Main Idea
Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forced France to give up its North American colonies.
Why it matters now
British influence spread over North America, though French populations and place names still exist here.
Terms and Names
Albany Plan of Union
Battle of Quebec
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Proclamation of 1763

6. France claims western lands
French explores had claimed Great Lakes region, Ohio River valley and Mississippi River valley.
Main settlements = Quebec & Montreal
Purpose = Fur trade and religious conversion

7. Native America Allies French explorers adopt Native ways and customs.
Fur trade creates economic and military alliances.
Over trapping initiated war among tribal nations.
British allied with Iroquois
France allied with Algonquin & Huron
European wars between England and France create colonial conflicts
Last was French and Indian War

8. Conflict in the Ohio Valley
British fur traders move into Ohio River valley
Area mostly controlled by French traders
Indians begin to trade more with British
Alarms French traders
French traders and allies attack British trade settlements
French build forts along Ohio river to protect region
1753 – 21 year old Geo. Washington sent to tell French to leave region.

9. War begins and spreads Virginia sends 40 men to build new fort
Fort built at start of Ohio River – modern day Pittsburgh
April 1754 – French and Indian allies attack and seize fort
Rename it Fort Duquesne
Washington heads to defend Fort Pitt
Stops campaign and builds Fort Necessity.
Hap King kills French diplomat
Washington signs surrender document sent back to Virginia
Washington accused of assassination.

10. War begins and spreads
British colonists and Iroquois nation meet in Albany, NY
Colonists want alliance with Iroquois
Iroquois would not commit
Ben Franklin admires Iroquois nation alliance
Franklin proposes the Albany Plan of Union
First proposal to unite colonies

11. Albany Plan of Alliance
Each colony to send representatives to a “Grand Council”
Council could:
Collect taxes
Raise armies
Make treaties
Start new settlements
Leaders in Albany support plan
State legislatures do not want to lose political power

12. Braddock's defeat
July 9, 1755 – approx French and Indian allies attack 2,100 British soldiers
Washington suggests fighting from cover
Braddock fights traditional
Braddock mortally wounded
Washington unhurt
1,000 British soldiers killed or wounded.
English Parliament have no faith in colonial militias
Send General Edward Braddock to defeat French
Washington joins Braddock – march to Fort Duquesne
British progress slow

13. The British take Quebec
William Pitt determined to defeat French
Sends best generals to colonies
Borrows money to pay colonial militias
British capture six French forts by August 1759.
Fort Duquesne rebuilt and renamed Fort Pitt – becomes Pittsburgh.
British attack capital of New France – Quebec
British general James Wolfe leads assault on Quebec
5,000 British battle 4,000 French
Wolfe killed
French general, Montcalm, wounded – dies next day!
Quebec surrendered to British
Known as Battle of Quebec

14. The Treaty of Paris
1761 – Spain agrees to help France – too late!
Seven Years’ War ends in 1763
Britain claims all land EAST of the Mississippi River
France gives New Orleans and Louisiana to Spain for helping
Britain gives back Cuba and Philippines for Florida.
Treaty ends French claims in North America

15. Pontiac's Rebellion Britain occupies French forts
Refuse to give supplies to Indians
British trappers/settlers move into Indian lands
Spring/Summer 1763 – Indians destroy all British forts WEST of the Appalachian Mtns.
Revolt called “Pontiac’s Rebellion”
British give Small Pox- infected blankets to Delaware Indians
Disease kills many Indians
British see defense of territory as “expensive”
Issue “Proclamation of 1763”

16. Proclamation of 1763
Forbids colonists from settling WEST of Appalachian Mtns.
Colonists angry – want cheap land
England angry – colonists won’t pay for own defense
Paying for the defense of the colonies is the INITIAL cause of the American Revolution.

17. Closure
In your notebook, describe how George Washington started the French and Indian War and how this war caused the American Revolution.