Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 34-2 Patterns of Behavior Photo Credit: ©OSF/LILLIE, Peter/Animals Animals Enterprises Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Behavioral Cycles Behavioral Cycles Many animals respond to periodic changes in the environment with daily or seasonal cycles of behavior. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Behavioral Cycles Hibernation - active during warm seasons but enter into dormancy during cold seasons. Dormancy allows an animal to survive periods when food and other resources may not be available. Estivation – period of reduced activity during the hot periods Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Behavioral Cycles Migration - the periodic movement from one place to another and then back again. (influenced by climate conditions and changing of the seasons.) Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Behavioral Cycles Between December and June, green sea turtles migrate from feeding grounds along the coast of Brazil to mate and nest on Ascension Island. This migration allows the sea turtles to take advantage of favorable environmental conditions. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Behavioral Cycles Migratory Patterns of Sea Turtles Each year, between December and June, green sea turtles migrate from their feeding grounds along the coast of Brazil to mate and nest on Ascension, a tiny island more than 2000 kilometers away. Like many animals, sea turtles migrate in response to seasonal changes in their environment. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Behavioral Cycles circadian rhythms - behavioral cycles that occur in daily patterns are called Sleeping at night and being awake during the day is an example of a circadian rhythm. Nocturnal – active at night; rest in day Diurnal – active in the day, rest at night Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Courtship Courtship To pass along its genes to the next generation, any animal that reproduces sexually needs to mate with another member of its species at least once. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Courtship courtship – a process in which an individual sends out stimuli—such as sounds, visual displays, or chemicals—in order to attract a member of the opposite sex. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Courtship Courtship Rituals A series of behaviors that is performed the same way by all members of a population for the purpose of communicating. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Social Behavior Social Behavior When animals interact with members of their own species Many animals form societies, or groups of related animals of the same species that interact closely and cooperate. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Social Behavior Animal societies also use strength in numbers to: improve their ability to hunt. protect their territory. guard their young. fight with rivals. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Social Behavior Members of a society are often closely related to one another. Related individuals share a large proportion of each other's genes. Therefore, helping a relative survive increases the chance that the genes an individual shares with that relative will be passed along to offspring. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Competition and Aggression Territory - a specific area that is occupied and protected by an animal or group of animals. Territories contain resources that are necessary for an animal's survival and reproduction. Aggression - a threatening behavior that one animal uses to gain control over another. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Communication Communication - is the passing of information from one organism to another. Visual signals Chemical - Pheromones- chemical messengers that affect the behavior of other individuals of the same species. Sound Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Communication Language    Language is a system of communication that combines sounds, symbols, or gestures according to sets of rules about word order and meaning. Only humans are known to use language. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 34-2 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 34-2 Two examples of seasonal behavior are aggression and dormancy. migration and dormancy. migration and communication. migration and circadian rhythm. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 34-2 Which of the following is NOT an advantage of living in an animal society? protection from predators. protection of young. improved ability to hunt. elimination of competition. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 34-2 An animal that communicates by changing color probably has good hearing. a complex courtship ritual. good eyesight. language. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 34-2 Many animals establish territories, which function as spaces where no other member of the species may enter. a defended area containing the resources necessary for survival. areas where members of all other animal species are kept out. areas where all members of a species may hunt for food. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 34-2 A pheromone is a chemical substance made in the brain to trigger a specific behavior. made by one species to communicate with animals of another species. made by one animal and used to communicate with another animal of the same species. used only to initiate reproductive behavior in animals. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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