1. Animal Behavior and Life Functions

2. Life Functions After exploring the Six Kingdoms…let’s dig deeper!
In order for an organism to be considered multi-cellular Eukaryotic, it has to have the 7 life functions!
Note: Different from 7 Characteristics of Life!!!

3. Life Functions Grow and Develop Organisms increase in size
Growth and Development (mitosis, meiosis)
Cells become Specialized
Example: Organization of Life – Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ System, Organism (all growing!)

4. Life Functions Nutrition Obtain glucose for energy
Example: Digestion or Photosynthesis

5. Life Functions Transport Materials
Movement of gasses, water, nutrients, and waste throughout the organism
Passive and Active transport
Examples: Diffusion, osmosis , and xylem and phloem in plants

6. Life Functions Respiration
Obtaining oxygen for cellular respiration, a gas exchange
Production of ATP
Example: Respiratory system in mammals to work the circulatory system

7. Life Functions Excretion Removal of waste from metabolic processes
Examples: Exocytosis in cells, removing carbon dioxide when breathing, oxygen gas leaving plants through stomates.

8. Life Functions Reproduction
Producing more organisms (offspring) either asexually or sexually
Examples: Process of meiosis, or protists that undergo binary fission (the cells just separate)

9. Life Functions Regulation
Undergoing cellular communication involving specialized cells or hormones
Example: chemical signals traveling to the brain from hormones elsewhere in the body

10. Behaviors
Behavior: ways living organisms respond in their environment that help them survive and reproduce
Stimulus: anything that causes a response or a reaction (change in the environment)
Innate Behaviors: inherited taxes, reflexes, or instincts.

11. Types of Behaviors Taxes – movement towards or away from a stimulus.
Reflex – a simple, automatic response to a stimulus.

12. Types of Behaviors
Fight-or-Flight Response – a stimulus that triggers a reaction causing an animal to fight or run from danger.
Instinct – a series of steps or body reactions that continue until a behavior is complete

13. Types of Behaviors
Suckling Instinct – mammals will suckle the mother’s breast right after their born
Courtship – members of the same species carry out a specific behavior before mating

14. Types of Behaviors
Territoriality - animals defend a physical space against other members of their species
Migration – seasonal movement of animals to obtain food and nesting sites

15. Types of Behaviors Hibernation – reduced activity in cold temperatures
Estivation - reduced activity in warm temperatures

16. Types of Behaviors
Circadian Rhythms - regulate all activities based on a 24 hour cycle

17. Learned Behavior
Different than innate behaviors, a Learned Behavior is developed through practice and experience.
The more complex the brain, the more capable of learned behaviors.

18. Learned Behaviors
Habituation – animal becomes “used to” a stimulus that occurs over and over
Imprinting – occurs at a critical time in a young animal’s life – shows the animal how best it can survive

19. Learned Behaviors
Trial-and-Error: trying one solution after another to obtain a reward when the action is done right
Classical Conditioning – acquired through associating different stimuli together in order to get a behavior

20. Social Behaviors
Social Behavior: interactions among members of the same species that is beneficial to one or more of the individuals
Examples…
Group Protection: groups of the same species gather to alert others if predators enter their territory

21. Social Behaviors
Live in Colonies with Specialized Jobs – organisms have jobs in their colonies such as gathering food or protection
Communication with Pheromones – genetically controlled chemical scent hormone

22. Social Behaviors
Communication with Visual/Audio – most commonly seen in courtship dances and territorial defenses to attract or defend
Communication with Language – organisms create symbols and sounds to communicate ideas, knowledge, and experiences.