Chapter 1 An Overview of Communication Embracing Difference Fourth Edition Dunn and Goodnight Chapter 1 An Overview of Communication This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. PowerPoint edited by Kristin Harkin Jurczak, Purdue University Calumet Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

The Communication Process Communicating effectively stems from an overall understanding that people are simultaneously different and similar. Communication is the interdependent process of sending, receiving, and understanding messages. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Functions of Communication It creates and maintains our sense of self or our identity. It helps us create communities. It forms and strengthens relationships. It gives us the ability to influence others. It conveys and creates information. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

The Communication Process Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Communication Process... People Source – The person who creates and sends the message. Receiver – The person to whom the message is sent. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Communication Process... The Message The thought, feeling, or action that is sent from the source to the receiver with the use of symbols Can be verbal, nonverbal, intentional, and unintentional Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Communication Process... Encoding The process of putting thoughts, ideas, or feelings into meaningful symbols that another person can understand. Most familiar with concept of words Rely on frame of reference to choose appropriate symbol Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Communication Process... Decoding The process of interpreting or attaching meaning to another person’s message People decode messages differently based on their frame of reference Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Communication Process... Channel The vehicle by which the message is communicated from the source to the receiver Various types of media TV, radio, movies, newspapers, social networking sites Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Communication Process... Feedback The receiver’s response to the sender’s message It provides information about the way the message is being interpreted As senders, we sometimes have difficulty interpreting feedback Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Communication Process... Context Context – The conditions surrounding communication with others. Physical Setting – Where and when the communication occurs. Location, seating arrangement, time of day, room size, and lighting all affect the process. Psychological Climate – The attitudes and feelings we have about ourselves and the other people involved in the communication. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Communication Process... Noise / Interference Noise and Interference – Any intended or unintended stimulus that affects the fidelity of a sender’s message. External Noise – Includes sounds or visual stimuli that draw our attention away from the intended message. Internal Noise – Includes our own thoughts or feelings that prevent us from processing the sender’s message. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Functions of Communication Creates and maintains a sense of identity Creates communities Forms and strengthens relationships Ability to influence/persuade Conveys and creates information Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Communication … Intrapersonal Communication with ourselves. It is an ongoing process involving evaluation of ourselves and relationships with others, problem solving, and planning for the future. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Communication … Interpersonal The informal exchange that occurs between two or more people. It usually occurs between two people or in small groups. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Communication … Interpersonal Informal exchange that occurs between two or more people Dyadic is the interaction between two people. Small group includes interactions with three to eight people. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Communication … Small Group Less intimate than dyadic and less formal than public speaking Can be informal discussion or problem-solving group or committee Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Communication … Public Involves an individual sharing of information with a large group. The situation is usually a speaker presenting ideas to an audience. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Understanding Difference, Diversity, and Communication Everyone’s frame of reference is unique and thus makes us different from one another. We need to value the differences and strive to understand each person. Understanding leads to a greater understanding and more effective communication. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Communication and Technology We can enhance our relationships and communication with the use of technology.... However, we need to be careful how and when we decide to use it. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.