Partitioning of Africa Mr. Meester AP European History

Africa Before Partition New States and Strong Empire The Sokoto Empire, in 1804, took over many small kingdoms in West Africa. In 1819, Shaka and the Zulu Empire took over most of southeastern Africa by using new kinds of spears. Egypt gains land and prospers through the rule of Mohammed Ali and his grandson, Ismail. Liberia, in 1847, is Africa’s first republic, with it’s government being modeled after the U.S.

Changes Begin New Trading Patterns The Foreign Presence in Africa Due to loss of slave trade, Africa offered major exports of ivory and palm oil to industrial Europe. The Foreign Presence in Africa Europeans settlement were mainly found on the coast. Missionaries come to Africa to offer medical treatment and education . Many explorers set off to Africa to find new goods

Early Colonization of Africa Dutch colonized a supply post at the Cape of Good Hope and called it Cape Colony. They later lost it to Britain in the Napoleonic Wars. Britain outlaws further expansion into Africa and, in 1833, ends slavery. Between 1835 and 1845, Dutch farmers migrated Northeast, which is know as the Great Trek. Brings them into conflict with the Zulu Empire In 1830 through 1848, France takes over Algeria and guides Tunisia and Morocco, gaining almost total control of the Barbary Coast

The Berlin Conference Included 12 European nations, the Ottoman Empire, and the US. decided that free trade and travel could occur on the Niger and Congo Rivers made it easier for European powers to take over parts of Africa No representative of Africa was present at the Berlin Conference

West Africa In Western Africa, desire to protect trade was most important. France began to take over parts of Africa, including land between Senegal and Algeria. Britain also captured many parts of Africa by defeating the Ashanti. They also captured Nigeria.

Northeast Africa By 1882, Britain took control of Egypt and it's Suez Canal due to financial debts. Britain later conquered land around the Nile from the French in order to protect Egypt.

Southern Africa Britain annexed parts of Africa that were rich in goods. The Afrikaner republics began the South African War when they decided to break away from British influence. They lost the war and surrendered in 1902. Britain, in 1910, combined British and Afrikaner colonies into the Dominion called the Union of South Africa.

European Rule of Africa Colonial Policies Most common type of rule was direct rule, where ruling country would replace African officials with their own. The British used indirect rule, where native officials would handle day to day tasks. Economic Domination Export of raw materials made up most of Africa's wealth. The African people were taxed, and their workers were heavily mistreated.

The Impact on African Life The Europeans practiced Paternalism on what they considered to be the "childlike" African people. “Whie Man’s Burden” (Rudyard Kipling) Racial discrimination was rampant. Europeans gave some Africans the opportunity to gain access to higher education they used this as a tool to regain their independence

European Expansion