1. EQ: What type of imperial rule was established in Africa and what were the effects?  Key Terms: Berlin Conference, CapeTown, Boers, Great Trek, Boer War, apartheid

2. African Exploration  Africa was called “The Dark Continent” b/c most European settlements were on coast and most of the interior was unknown  During the Second Global Age, European explorers and missionaries started to travel into the African interior, discovering more wealth and natural resources

3.  The discovery of resources began a “Mad Scramble for Africa”  1885, 14 nations met at the Berlin Conference to discuss partition (division) of Africa No African rulers were invited Britain and France secured largest amount of land  European countries established colonies in Africa, overthrowing or killing local rulers and enslaving or mistreating the natives

5. The British in South Africa  South Africa was 1st settled in 1652 by the Netherlands; bka Boers (Dutch for “farmer”) at Capetown  It was then seized by Britain, early 1800s, and slavery was outlawed  The Boers migrated north to escape British rule in what became known as the Great Trek, establishing two settlements where diamond mines were discovered

6.  The British followed and tried to seize the wealthy settlements of the Boers, leading to the Boer War (1899-1902)  Once the Boers were defeated, the British expanded the South African colony and established the apartheid system  Apartheid=“apartness”; racial separation of whites & non-whites with white minority rule