Urban Models

Learning Target LT 2. I can identify generally accepted spatial structure models. (13.2)

Concentric Zone Model Developed by E. W. Burgess in 1925 Argues that urban land use is best represented by a series of concentric circles Created based on the layout of Chicago Recognizes five distinct zones: The central business district -- non-residential Zone in transition -- poorest quality housing/immigrants/apartments Zone of workingmen’s homes -- second-generation immigrant settlement Zone of “better residences” -- middle class Commuters’ zone -- high-class residential The timing is significant! Think about what else was happening in America during this time! Urbanization New technologies in transportation A LOT of immigration

Sector Model Developed by economist Homer Hoyt in 1939 This model assumes the land use is conditioned by transportation routes radiating outward from a city center Industrial, retailing, and residential districts extend out from the CBD like wedges Hoyt created this model based on Chicago -- he saw the best housing extending north from Chicago along Lake Michigan

post WW2-- beginning of suburbanization! Multiple Nuclei Model post WW2-- beginning of suburbanization! Developed by C. D. Harris and E. L. Ullman in 1945 This model assumes that urban areas have more than one focal point influencing land use Land-use patterns are formed around several discrete nuclei that attract certain uses and repel others. These nuclei most often develop in response to the evolving transportation network. They form, for example, around major highway intersections and surrounding airports. These multiple nuclei may have arisen in one of two ways: They were once separate settlements but were absorbed by growth of the urban area. They appeared as urban growth stimulated specialization and specialized centers outside the CBD, around which complementary uses then located. Residential land use develops in response to the influence of the various nuclei.

Urban Realms Model Created by James Vance in 1964 to describe a modern metropolis Each color represents a different ‘realm’ which serves a separate purpose, but the area still acts as one city LA is a great example of this model

Europe’s CBDs European CBDs have more residents & more consumer services than do US CBD’s Like this fresh food market in Paris, France But they don’t have as many business services as the U.S.

Differences Europe and USA The 3 models explain distribution of social classes in the United States well. Differences in Europe do not invalidate these theories, but point out social groups globally may have different reasons to select neighborhoods. European CBD’s contain: Beautiful old buildings best shops best restaurants & cultural facilities

Paris Sector Model In Paris wealthy citizens live between the Louvre in the CBD and another royal palace at Versaille

European Concentric Zone Inner ring has older attached homes, BUT Europe’s suburbs house the urban poor

Latin America

Pre-Colonial Mexico City

Pre-Colonial Mexico City Mexico City, known as Tenochtitlan was built by the Aztecs before colonization. An island city, it had drawbridges to link it to the mainland. When European powers came in they often demolished existing native towns The lake Tenochtitlan was built upon has since been drained for an airport and city expansion

Colonial cities Cities in developing countries follow similar patterns to European cities because many have been influenced by colonial rule Spanish Cities in Latin America were required to follow laws outlining how colonial cities would be constructed. At the center were a church and a central plaza

Following Independence... The Latin American City Model

Other International Urban Models...