Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages Certificate IV TESOL Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages 10317NAT next 1

Unit 2/3 Session 5 September 24th 2016 Analyze & Teach English Language Teach English Grammar In this session, we will be looking at: Verb forms and their use Conditional clauses: “if” clauses next 2

Verb forms and their uses Verb tenses Past, present and future – in their simple, continuous, perfect or perfect continuous form. next 3

Verb forms and their uses Grammar point presentation Speakout Elementary – Present Perfect Unit 12.1 Page 119 Language bank Page 150 Speakout Intermediate – Present Perfect vs PP continuous Unit 7.1 Page 82 Language bank Page 140 Speakout Upper – Intermediate - Past Perfect/Past Perfect Continuous Unit 4.1 Page 47 Language bank Page 134 (Use Speakout Student book Active Teach DVD) next 4

Verb forms and their uses VERBS (ASPECT & TENSE) EXAMPLE   SIMPLE CONTINOUS PERFECT P. CONTINUOUS PRESENT Simple present Present continuous Present perfect Present perfect cont. PAST Simple past Past continuous Past perfect Past perfect cont. FUTURE Simple future Future continuous Future perfect (will) (have/has) Future perfect cont. (will) (have/has been) next 5

Verb forms and their uses The future There are multiple future tenses in English. e.g. - I will have … next week. - I’m having … next week. - I’m going to have … next week. - There’s a party … next week. - We’ll be having … next week. - There’s going to be… next week. These examples show that the form is different, however, the meaning (function) is the same. next 6

Verb forms and their uses Voice – perspective (focus) Active voice – In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb. In this example the subject is doing the verb's action. e.g. “Andy Murray beat Roger Federer.” Passive voice - One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - or passive. Note in this example how the subject-verb relationship has changed. e.g. “Roger Federer, was beaten by Andy Murray.” next 7

Verb forms and their uses Participles Present participle: ‘-ing’ Used as participle phrases and as adjectives Can be used as a noun – called gerund. Gerunds behave exactly the same as nouns. Can be subjects or objects of sentences. E.g Shopping is her favourite hobby. Part participle: ‘- ed’ next 8

Verb forms and their uses Auxiliaries To be, to do, to have   Stative verbs Relational verbs – perception and cognition E.g. forgive, like, know, mean, mind, prefer, realize E.g. belong to, consist of, cost, deserve, remain, possess next 9

Verb forms and their uses What determines a verb form? Rules First verb must mark TENSE distinction Modal (and AUX do) must mark TENSE TENSE is only marked once MODAL must be followed by infinitive PERFECT must be followed by PAST PARTICIPLE PROGRESSIVE must be followed by GERUND PARTICIPLE PASSIVE must be followed by PAST PASTICIPLE next 10

Verb forms and their uses MOOD Mood relates to the verbal action to such conditions as – certainty, obligation, necessity, possibility Mood relates to modality – express attitudes e.g. command, fact, desire, something hypothetical. Examples Conditional – (type 0, 1, 2, 3) Imperative – (no tense) - may have subject absent, such as a command verb (unconjugated verb) e.g. ‘Listen!’ ‘Stand up!’ Conditional Type 0 – If present + present = logical results Type 1 – If present + will = great certainty Type 2 – If past + modal = hypothetical Type 3 – If past perfect (had + past participle) + modal + present perfect = regrets next 11

TASK Complete TASK 2/3.6 a – c next 12

Conditional clauses Zero Conditional – for things that are always true If + Present simple, + pronoun + Present simple If you freeze water at below zero, it turns to ice. First Conditional – for probable/possible situations If + Present simple + will + infinitive If the temperature is below zero when it rains, it will snow. Second Conditional – for unrealistic/low probability situations If + Past simple + would + infinitive If it snows tomorrow in Melbourne, it would be a surprise. Third Conditional – for impossible/fanciful things that will not happen If + past perfect + would + have + past participle If it had been any colder, we would have frozen our bits off. next 13

TASK Complete TASK 2/3.7 & 2/3.8 next 14

Verb forms and their uses Grammar: tense, time and aspect (EXTRA RESOURCES FOR COMPETENT GRAMMAR USERS) Verb forms and their uses Grammar: tense, time and aspect Worksheet 1 Exercise 1 – 3b Worksheet 2 Exercise 4 – 5c Grammar: Narrative verb forms Worksheet 1 Exercise 1 – 2b Worksheet 2 Exercise 3 – 5 Refer to: Appendix B – formation Appendix C – verb forms are used next 15

Grammar: Conditional forms Worksheet 1 Exercise 1 – 3d (EXTRA RESOURCES FOR COMPETENT GRAMMAR USERS) Conditional clauses Grammar: Conditional forms Worksheet 1 Exercise 1 – 3d Worksheet 2 Exercise 4 – 6b next 16