Bell Ringer What are the Pros of Having Large Empires? What are the Cons of Having Large Empires? What is Feudalism? Write down the poem Ring around the Rosie.

Bell Ringer How did Feudalism Work? What was the Magna Carta? Which was the most important part/level of Feudalism? What was the Magna Carta? What spread the Black Death?

CH 5: Decline of Feudalism

A political and economic system of Europe(9th-15th century), based on one party holding all land A land grant was given by the land-holder to an individual in exchange for services rendered. Often, these contracts were for life What is Feudalism?

Why did Feudalism start? The development of feudalism vary between nations that employed the system, most notably, the Roman and Germanic cultures. However, feudalism started as A method of land tenure. A need for protection in response to the marauding bands of Vikings, Germanic warriors who roamed Europe from the 5th to 11th centuries. The collapse of the Roman Empire in the 5th century The failure of rulers to retain central authority, allowed nobles to take greater control of local regions Why did Feudalism start?

Spread of Feudalism Feudalism started in France The Merovingian dynasty rose to power (c. 457-481) but it was his famous ruler was Clovis I (481–511) who united all of Gaul under Merovingian rule. Feudalism spread from France to Spain, Italy, and later Germany and Eastern Europe. In England the Frankish form was imposed by William I (William the Conqueror) after 1066. It was extended eastward into Slavic lands to the marches (frontier provinces), and it was adopted partially in Scandinavian countries. The important features of feudalism were similar throughout Spread of Feudalism

Magna Carta In 1199, the King of England was named John. He was considered a poor king as he lost most of England’s land in France, and heavily taxed his Lords/ Barrons. He also jailed people without cause, and fought with the Catholic Church (Only British King to have the first name of John)

John and the Nobles agreed to certain terms: In 1215 angry nobles will force King John to sign the Magna Carta, which means the “Great Charter” John and the Nobles agreed to certain terms: John would remain king John would observe common law and not jail anyone unlawfully without a jury of his peers (beginning of Habeas Corpus) John would not put special taxes on the Catholic Church (Considered one of the original documents outlining a people’s rights)

King Edward I & Parliament 1295, John’s grandson, would create the Model Parliament with the goal of including the people more in government. The Model Parliament will include commoners, Church Officials, and Nobles Parliament & the MC help to develop the basic ideas of a democratic government.

Bubonic Plague The Bubonic Plague, also known as the Black Death, will also help to destroy Feudalism. The Plague hits Europe some time between 1346 & 1351

The Black Death is believed to start in Asia and follow trade routes to Europe. The cause would be fleas carried by rats The plague will cause fever, vomiting, fierce coughing, egg size swelling or bumps (buboes) The Swelling skin will appear black or dark blue in color

1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic Estimates say the Spanish Flu killed 50-100 Million people world wide That would be roughly 3%-6% of the world’s population at the time Some have said the Spanish flu killed more people in 24 weeks than AIDS has killed in 24 years.

Ring around the Rosie "Ring around the Rosie“ --refers to a red mark, supposedly the first sign of the plague "A pocket full of posies“ -- refers to sachets of herbs carried to ward off infection "Ashes, ashes" --either a reference to the cremation of plague victims or to the words said in the funeral Mass..."Ashes to ashes, dust to dust." Sometimes line three is rendered as "Atischoo, atischoo"--sneezing, another sign of infection. "We all fall down." -- The Plague was not selective in its victims; both rich and poor, young and old, succumbed.

Impact of the Black Death 1200-1393: China’s Population cut roughly in half An Estimated 24,000,000 Europeans will die, 1/3 of their population (30-60%) A large number of peasants will die, weakening Feudalism. More peasants will move into new/better jobs because they are now available. Estimated to have reduced the global population from 450 million to 350-375 million in the 14th century

Power to the Peasants Because of the plague there was a sense of more space in the land- high positions needed to be filled, and peasants suddenly found that they were no longer bound by necessity & loyalty to their traditional Lord. They could move to the best land and demand a high wage because of the dearth of people with an able body. The situation would remain the same while the population of the land remained stagnant - and for the whole of the 15th century, it did.

The power won’t go back to the Lords because of the desperate need for work. This work will come from the commoners Peasants also rebelled against their lords towards the end of the plague. Sometimes called the Golden Age of Peasants by historians.

As population has grown over the years many people have warned of over population. Over the last 200 years there has been a population explosion (mostly with massive population growth in underdeveloped countries) This fear of over population is traced back to 1798 and Thomas Malthus Malthus argued that populations grew exponentially, and that food grew in a liner fashion. He also assumed that nations would need to produce their own food. Malthus never accounted for the industrial revolution, mechanization, or globalization Still the fear of over population is kept alive by neo-Malthusians Population Control?

Hundred Year’s War Lasted between 1337-1453 England v France Both countries claim the same territory and fight off and on over this period of time.

Battle of Crecy The English win most battles despite being outnumbered Battle of Crecy: Longbow used for the 1st time (commoners recruited) Changes warfare

Longbow vs Crossbow

Joan of Arc The French aren’t good losing, when Henry V invades in 1415 the French fight back The French started to pay taxes for their army, recruit commoners, and were inspired by a 17 year old peasant girl who heard the saints, known as Joan of Arc She will be captured by the British, called a Heretic (speaks against church teachings) and will be burned at the stake.

Battle of Agincourt Henry V's wins at Agincourt, against a numerically superior French army Crippled France and started a new period in the war during which Henry V married the French king's daughter, and their son, later Henry VI of England and Henry II of France, was made heir to the throne of France as well as of England. This ends the 100 years war Between the end of the Black Death and the Battle of Agincourt, real wages doubled. All this followed what we may regard as a class war  Made famous by William Shakespeare Henry V and the “Saint Crispin Day” Speech

Impact of Hundred Year’s War The use of commoners in the military will shift the power away from the nobles. Military technology will makes castles less helpful, and therefore lords and Kings become more normal. There is a shift towards nationalism (England, France) Deaths from the Wars gave other commoners a chance at better jobs.

Essay What factors lead to the decline of Feudalism? We are going to discuss “how” to write a good history essay as a class, and you will be responsible for writing it.