1. Fought for power and control
Kings and Popes
Fought for power and control

2. Who’s in Charge?
Kings and Popes fought over who should appoint Bishops
Bishop – High ranking person in the Church
Kings wanted the right to pick them since they control large areas of the King’s land

3. Henry IV challenges the Pope
King Henry IV started picking Bishops against Pope Gregory VII’s order
Pope Gregory excommunicates Henry and says his subjects do not have to listen to him
Henry IV goes to see Gregory who makes him wait 3 days in the cold before he allows him back into the Church

4. Henry IV’s Revenge
Henry was humiliated and invaded Italy in 1084 and replaced Pope Gregory with another Pope
From this point forward Kings began to take power away from Popes.

5. Feudalism Declines As towns began to grow Feudalism declined
The Crusades weakened nobles
Kings began to protect towns and began to attack nobles that opposed them

6. King’s Gain Power
As King’s began to take a more active role they became the main authority
People began to recognize the King as their leader, not the local Lord or Noble.
Kingdom’s began to become Nations
Nation – land with a common government, language and culture

7. King John Taxed people heavily, jailed people unjustly without trials
He also fought with the Church
He appointed his own Bishops and took away Church lands
Pope excommunicates him
He angered the Church and the wealthy

8. Magna Carta
The Bishops and the wealthy made a list of demands that they forced King John to sign if he wanted to remain King.
John had no choice
Once King John signed it, the “Great Charter” or Magna Carta became law

9. Impact of Magna Carta
Magna Carta limited the King’s power over the nobles (1st time in history a King ever gave up power)
Could not jail people without cause
Could not tax people without their agreement
The Nobles were a council that wold become Parliament

10. Hundred Years’ War
As kingdoms became nations, rivalries developed between nations
France and England began a series of wars to become the strongest empire in the world.
The Hundred Years’ War was the 1st war

11. Hundred Years’ War English King Edward III wanted to be King of France
He invaded France and the French nobles fought back
The war continued until Joan of Arc defeated the English at Orleans
She was captured and burned at the stake as a witch