Knights Charge 11/9 If you were to reform one school rule what would it be? How would you go about trying to reform it? If you were to reform an American law what would it be?

Knights Charge 11/10 Why were Americans pushing to reform aspects of society? What were some economic factors? What were some social conflicts taking place? What is nativism?

Knights Charge 11/14 What led to the Market Revolution? What was the significance of the Erie Canal? What invention greatly impacted communication? What were some innovations that impacted transportation? Why were people calling for reform?

Reform Movements of the Early 1800’s

Focusing Points… Why were Americans reforming? What were some economic and social factors? What was the Second Great Awakening? How did the role of women change during the market Revolution? What were some of the movements that emerged during the Market Revolution?

The Reform Movement Due to the drastic changes of the Market Revolution, Americans were starting believe the country was going in the wrong direction Some Americans felt the need to improve or change certain aspects of society

Economic Factors There were several economic factors that made Americans want to reform Large gap between the rich and the poor Economic inequalities made Americans want change for the better

Social Factors Many inequalities were among different groups of people in America Women vs. men Nativists vs. Immigrants Civil Rights (Fighting slavery) Factory workers vs. Factory owners

Nativists Group of Americans who did not like immigrants coming into the country Many nativists felt that immigrants were causing problems, increasing poverty, and causing crime

Women were working more and wanted more political say Women’s Suffrage People Leading the Reform What Were They Reforming? Tactics Lucretia Mott Carrie Chapman Catt Susan B. Anthony Women’s right to vote Women were working more and wanted more political say Seneca Falls Convention Declaration of Sentiment- Stated that women should have more equality in society

Robert Owen- New Harmony Utopian Communities People Leading the Reform What Were They Reforming? Tactics Robert Owen- New Harmony George Ripley-Brook Farm Society Utopia- a perfect place Created separate communities where everyone was intended to be happy Most utopian communities failed

Transcendentalism Society Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau People Leading the Reform What Were They Reforming? Tactics Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Society Wrote books and poems encouraging people to focus on themselves and nature rather than possession and $$$ Mo’ money mo’ problems

Education Education in America Horace Mann Public Education People Leading the Reform What Were They Reforming? Tactics Horace Mann Education in America Public Education Believed that all Americans should have access to education Education enabled people to escape poverty Taxes and teacher training programs

William Lloyd Garrison Slavery Abolish- to end or to ban Abolitionism People Leading the Reform What Were They Reforming? Tactics Frederick Douglass William Lloyd Garrison Slavery Abolish- to end or to ban The Liberator- WLG’s newspaper which advocated for abolition Frederick Douglass- speaker and writer for abolition

Felt that alcohol led to country’s problems Temperance People Leading the Reform What Were They Reforming? Tactics Neal Dow Alcoholism Felt that alcohol led to country’s problems American Temperance Society Church organizations and literature- Very religious movement

Mental Health and Prisons People Leading the Reform What Were They Reforming? Tactics Dorothea Dix Prison System and Mental Health Awareness Visited prisons and conducted studies to learn more about the mentally ill Lobbied to Congress to improve American prison system Should focus on rehabilitation and treatment not punishment Visited prisons and conducted studies to learn more about the mentally ill Lobbied to Congress to improve American prison system Should focus on rehabilitation and treatment not punishment

Second Great Awakening People Leading the Reform What Were They Reforming? Tactics Charles Grandison Finney Society Religious revival movement which used passionate sermons Believed religious principles could improve society

Quick Writing Activity… In a paragraph, create a utopian community. Describe what it would be like. What laws would you have Who would live there What would make it a “perfect” society?

Horace Mann Somewhat The United States Public Education System Movement Reformer Area of Reform Tactics Effective? Education Horace Mann The United States Public Education System Teacher training programs, more $ for schools, better teaching materials Somewhat Mental Health & Prisons Dorothea Dix Treatment of Mentally Ill Visiting prisons, conducting studies, lobbying congress Temperance The American Temperance Society Neal Dow Society Alcoholism Church, Media, and Lobbying; Very Religious Movement Somewhat: 18th Amendment is passed but then repealed Abolitionism Frederick Douglass William Lloyd Garrison Slavery Newspapers, Literature, and Speeches Somewhat: Slavery was banned after the passage of the 13th Amendment Utopias Robert Owen George Ripley Improve society Created Private settlements No Transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson & Henry David Thoreau Society/People Wrote Poems and Books about Nature Women’s Rights Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, & Susan B. Anthony Women’s Rights/Suffrage Protested, Marched, Lobbied congress, wrote editorials Somewhat: Passage of the 19th Amendment

Writing Activity!! In 1 paragraph, tell me which reform movement you would have joined and why. Give three reasons why you would have joined that group and what you would have done to fight for change.