1. Reform Movements of the Early 1800s
What is reform?

2. First and Second Great Awakening
What: Revival of religious faith
Who: Baptist, Methodists, and Presbyterian ministers

3. The First ( s) and Second Great Awakening ( s) were widespread religious revivals in the United States.
In the West, the revival strengthened the Methodists and Baptists and introduced the camp meeting. Due to this renewed interest, church membership rose as more people began to be involved in missionary and other types of social reform.
The First and Second Great Awakenings encouraged people to take part in other social reform movements, such as the temperance movement.

4. Temperance Movement Goal: Stop the drinking of alcohol
Leaders: Temperance societies

5. The Temperance Movement began in the 1840s
The Temperance Movement began in the 1840s. It soon became a widespread movement that involved religious leaders and large numbers of women. Supporters of the Temperance Movement blamed society's problems on alcohol and encouraged the public to stop drinking alcohol. By 1855, twelve states had joined Maine and together they became known as the "dry" states.

6. Prison Reform/Better Care for the Mentally Ill
Goals: Better prison conditions and hospitals for the mentally ill
Leader: Dorothea Dix

7. Dorothea Dix traveled to several places where the mentally ill were housed. Within the confines of jails, she found that drunks, criminals, and the mentally ill were all housed together in unheated, unfurnished, and foul-smelling quarters.
Dix wrote a report about her research. That report changed the care of the mentally ill.

8. Education Movement Goal: Free public education for all
Leader: Horace Mann
Mann, I love education!

9. As a child, Horace Mann knew poverty and hardship
As a child, Horace Mann knew poverty and hardship. He educated himself and later fought for public education for all children. Horace Mann once said in a speech to students, “Education then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, --- the balance-wheel of the social machinery.”

10. Women’s Rights Movement
Goal: Equality and suffrage (right to vote) for women
Leaders: Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Sojourner Truth

11. Abolitionist Movement
Goal: abolish (ban) slavery
Leaders: William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, and Harriet Tubman

12. Labor Reform Goal: improve the working conditions in factories
Leaders: women’s rights leaders