1. Reform and Religion How did reform and religion contribute to changing levels of unity in the United States?

2. 2 nd Great Awakening

3. The Second Great Awakening was characterised by an increase of religious devotion and fervour, especially in the newly settled areas of the western frontier. Preachers held massive revivals in the hopes of gaining new converts from amongst the frontier settlers. These revivals gave rise to new religions with, sometimes controversial, new social theories. Religious conviction also motivated people to look for areas of society that needed improvement and people began working for change in many areas of American society.

4. During the decades preceding the Civil War, reformers launched unprecedented campaigns to educate the deaf and the blind, to rehabilitate cure the mentally ill, extend equal rights to women, and abolish slavery. Inspired by the Declaration of Independence, the Enlightenment’s faith in reason, and liberal and evangelical religious principles, educational reformers created a system of free public education; prison reformers constructed specialized institutions to rehabilitate criminals, temperance reformers sought to end the drinking of hard liquor; and utopian socialists established ideal communities to serve as models for a better world.

5. Temperance Women’s Christian Temperance Union American Temperance Union

6. Abolition Frederick Douglass William Lloyd Garrison Grimke Sisters

7. Women’s Rights Seneca Falls Convention Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony

8. Prisons and Asylums Dorothea Dix

9. Education Horace Mann