1. APK: Change
Directions: Answer the question on a separate sheet of paper. Give details and explanations to support your idea.
What is one societal issue (problem) that you feel need to be reformed (change).

2. Renaissance and Reform: trying to Improve Society

3. The Second Great Awakening
Commitment to organized religion was weakening, immoral
1800s, religious leaders organize to revive American commitment to religion
Leads to social reforms

5. Charles Finney The Message
Individuals must readmit God and Christ into their daily lives
grace through faith
Spread through revivals
Used evangelical (strong emotions) style for sermons
advocate of Second Great Awakening
Everybody had the capacity for spiritual rebirth and salvation
Founded modern revivalism

6. New Religious Groups Unitarians: see God as a unity not a trinity
Mormons
“aka” Church of Jesus Christ of Later-day Saints
Founded by Joseph Smith, 1830
Published The Book of Mormon
Brigham Young became the leader and they moved to Utah because they were being persecuted for their religion
Unitarians: see God as a unity not a trinity
Liberal

7. Utopian Communities society tended to corrupt human nature
Way to a better life was to separate themselves from society and form their own utopia, or ideal society
Cooperative living and the absence of private property
Brook Farm, New Harmony, and The Shakers were examples of Utopian Communities

8. Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism: New England, new way of looking at humanity, nature and God…could transcend (go beyond) their senses to learn about the world
Romanticism: stressed the value of beauty, emotion, and imagination
Inspired by nature

9. Transcendentalists Ralph Waldo Emerson: Almost religious about nature
Wanted people to be self-reliant
Henry David Thoreau: lived out the transcendentalism theory by living away from others for 2 years
Chronicled in his book Walden
wrote Civil Disobedience after being jailed for not paying taxes to support Mexican-American War
Be true to yourself even if it breaks the law
Impacted MLK and Gandhi

10. Hudson River School of Artists
Group of romantic landscape painters
Paintings of Hudson River Valley, romantic
Country sides
Frontier life
American subjects
Show a spiritual feeling of nature

11. Educational Reform Government funded public schools
Wanted their citizens/voters to be well educated and informed
Movement was led by Horace Mann
Pushed for school to be a legal requirement

12. Prison Reform
states began building better facilities for the imprisoned and the mentally ill
Dorothea Dix: Influenced states to enact prison reforms and created special institutions for the mentally ill
Mentally ill were previously housed with criminals
Rehabilitation: correct or rid the criminals of their bad behavior
Prison should do more than punish

13. The Temperance Movement
Reformers believed that alcohol caused crime, poverty and sickness
Push for Temperance (drinking in moderation) some for Prohibition (banning alcohol)
Women were biggest supporters
American Temperance Union
Pushed for laws to prohibit the sale of liquor
Lowered the alcohol percent content

14. The Women’s Movement Compared their condition to slavery
Women enter the workplace
Created economic and social independence
Begin to work for more rights and opportunities by starting the Women’s Movement

15. Seneca Falls Convention
First Women’s Right Convention
Organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Convention issued a “Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions”:
Modeled after the Declaration of Ind.
“all men and women are created equal”
women focus on earning the right to vote
unofficial beginning of the women's suffrage struggle led by Susan B. Anthony

16. Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
“We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of those who suffer from it to refuse allegiance to it, and to insist upon the institution of a new government…”

17. The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her …
Now, in view of this entire disfranchisement …we insist that they have immediate admission to all the rights and privileges which belong to them as citizens of these United States.