H UNTERS AND G ATHERERS Paleolithic period- was the time of the Hunters and Gatherers. They moved from place to place and were located where reliable food sources were. Men were the hunters; the hunted wooly rhinos, mastodons, bison, deer, and mammoths. Women were the gatherers; they gathered roots, berries, nuts, seeds, and fruits. Their “technology” made life easier for them; their technology was the atlatl, spear, needles, fish hooks, rope, and tools they made.

F ARMERS AND H ERDERS Neolithic period- was where people learned to raise their on food; they no longer depended on hunting and gathering. Domesticating – they tamed animals, for human use. Animals that where domesticated consisted of sheep, goats and pigs. Early farmers used sharp sticks, rocks, bones, and shells to cultivate.(To take care of plants in a small garden.) The earliest crops were wheat and wild barley.

J ERICHO, C ATAL H UYUK, AND U R Jericho was built in an oasis and had a good supply of water for herders and nomads. Catal Huyuk had houses made of mud and to enter you climbed up and later into and hole in the roof. Ur had a ziggurat constructed in the center of a stepped temple with slopping walls. Civilization in the three cities differ in some ways from one another, and in some ways they were a like; such as they had there own customs and laws, like Jericho had its high walls to protect from flood water and enemies.

The city of Ur’s ziggurat was built because they thought it brought them closer to their god. Catal Huyuk exported obsidian, gathered food, farmed crops, and domesticated cattle. From this chapter I learned that these societies had their own religion. Each person specialized in what they did best and without cooperation the bands would not have survived. The Ice age made land bridges which made it possible for people to move from place to place. Which was essential to find a reliable food source.