1. The earliest human societies
Chapter 2 lesson 1

2. Hunters and gatherers
Early humans were hunter-gatherers, meaning they hunted animals and gathered plants for food
If they couldn’t find enough food they would move on to a new location
Lived in caves and rock shelters but those who lived on the plains had to construct shelters out of branches, plant fibers, or animal skins
Men versus Women
Men hunted and fished
Women gathered foods, such as berries and nuts, and cared for the children

3. Early humans on the move
Hunter-gatherers were nomads, people who moved from place to place.
At certain times of the year, early bands joined together, forming large communities
Early humans moved to new and distant lands
The act of moving from one place to settle in another is called migration
Migration seems to be the result of following animals to hunt

4. The Development of tools
Fire
Early humans learned to make and control fire
Provided heat and light
Enabled people to cook food
Offered protection from animals
Able to harden tools made of metal
TECHNOLOGY
CONSISTS OF ALL OF THE WAYS IN WHICH PEOPLE APPLY KNOWLEDGE, TOOLS, AND INVENTIONS TO MEET THEIR NEEDS
STONE TOOLS FOR CUTTING
HUNTING BOWS MADE OF WOOD
FLINT SPEARHEADS
STONE HAND AXES

5. Early human culture Language Religion Art
* developed from a need to work together
* the worship of God, gods, or spirits
* Created art in caves and rock shelters as well as art they could carry with them
*the cooperation needed to gather and share food led to language
* believed that everything in nature had a spirit
* Cave paintings show images of bulls, stallions, and bison
* Jewelry and figurines are examples of portable art

6. learning to farm and raise animals
Chapter 2 lesson 2

7. The beginnings of agriculture
Wild grasses spread and were domesticated by humans- we were able to grow and tend the grasses
Humans and animals had more grain to eat
Early humans domesticated animals
Were raised for food and clothing
Animals offered a reliable source of meat and milk products
Entire animal was used
Agriculture is the planting of seeds to raise crops
Agricultural revolution was created by the shift from food gathering to food raising
People made tools to loosen the soil, sticks to dig holes and sickles to harvest grain
Early farmers practiced slash and burn agriculture
Cut and burned trees and brush to clear land for crops

8. Farming develops in many places
River valleys in Africa and asia
Early farming developed in areas where water was available
Water to agriculture and led to development of irrigation- the watering of crops
Built irrigation systems of dikes and canals
Uplands in the americas
Developed later than in the rest of the world
Developed mainly in plateaus and other flat areas at fairly high elevations
Terracing of land to create flat areas helped the land for raising corn, beans, potatoes, and squash

9. Activities!!! 1. Write a hunter-gatherer’s diary
Write one diary entry which includes references to the kind of work a hunter-gatherer might do and some of the challenges a hunter-gatherer band might face
You must write a minimum of 3 paragraphs and include 1 quick sketch