1. Chapter One Prehistory – 2500 B.C.E.

2. ► Prehistory – time before writing (5,000 yrs ago) ► Artifacts –  Remains such as tools, weapons, jewelry…(man made objects) ► Culture –  Anthropologists study a people’s unique way of life (customs, family life, relationships)

3. Progress During the Stone Ages ► Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)  2.5 million – 8,000 B.C.E.  Oldest stone chopping tool stone chopping stone chopping ► Neolithic Age (New Stone Age)  8,000 – 3,000 B.C.E.  Polished stone tools, crops, raised animals (wheat, barley, cattle, sheep, pigs) stone toolsstone tools

4. Open your book to page 8! ► We will read the section “Progress during the Old Stone Age” together ► Then you will re-read the same section to yourself (looking for the “main points”) ► Together with a partner, you will write down the 5 words that help define the main idea (one word per post-it!) ► Each partner-pair will put the post-its on the white board ► As a class, we will se how many words match ► Each person will complete the “Critical Thinking” workshet ► We will go over the answers together

5. What do you think culture was like? ► Survival ► Nomads:  People who wander from place to place (as opposed to…)  Hunter-Gatherers ► Hunting what? Gathering what?

6. What happened? What changed? ► Archaeologists believe early humans came out of eastern Africa ► Transition to civilization occurred for 3 main reasons  1 – Fire  2 – Domestication of plants  3 – Domestication of animals (taming) ► People can now settle and grow/raise their own food – this event is called…

7. ► Neolithic Revolution –  AKA – the agricultural revolution, i.e. – farming  Slash-and-burn farming ► Farming develops across the world  Africa (the Nile), China (the Huang He), Mexico and Central America, Peru (the central Andes) Huang HeHuang He ► Farming leads to increase in population  Civilization develops…

8. ► What defines a civilization???  Five main characteristics of a civilization  1 – advanced cities (trade)  2 – specialized workers (farmers, artisans)  3 – complex institutions (government, religion, economy)  4 – record keeping  (scribes, taxes, laws)  5 – advanced technology ► Cuneiform  First writing – Began in Sumer 3,000 B.C. ► Bronze Age – began in Sumer 3,000 B.C.  People used bronze instead of stone!

9. ► Ur  One of the earliest cities – 30,000 people ► Barter  Trading of goods and services without money ► Ziggurat  Pyramid-shaped monument, means “mountain of god”