Containment  Goal was to keep Communism where it already was and stop it from spreading  It was the belief that if one nation fell to Communism then neighboring nations would follow, this is known as the Domino Theory

Superpower Goals in Europe U.S. Soviet Union  Encourage democracy and prevent spread of communism  Access to raw materials and markets for U.S. goods  Rebuild European governments  Reunite Germany  Increase security in Europe  Encourage the spread of communism  Rebuild war-ravaged economy with eastern Europe’s raw materials  Control Eastern Europe to protect Soviet Union’s borders  Keep Germany divided so it can’t wage war again

Truman Doctrine (March 1947) Called for aid to be given to Greece and Turkey State that the U.S. would give support to any country who was trying to resist Communism Basically it allowed for troops to be sent but it also put the U.S. in a pledge to fight Communism world-wide

Marshall Plan (June 1947) AKA European Recovery Plan Would give aid to European nations to help rebuild their economies The U.S. gave over $12 billion in aid ○ improve their economies and lessen the chance of communist revolutions

Marshall Plan

Spread of Communism  Berlin Berlin Airlift ○ June 1948—USSR cut off all road and rail traffic to West Berlin ○ We had to keep West Berlin alive without provoking war with the Soviets

· In June of 1948, the French, British and American zones were joined into the nation of West Germany after the Soviets refused to end their occupation of Germany. Soviet blockade: West Germany East Germany West Berlin East Berlin

○ For 11 months, cargo planes supplied Berliners with food, medicine, and coal ○ Stalin finally lifted the blockade ○ Became a symbol of American dedication

Berlin Wall ○ Built in 1961 to restrict access between East Berlin and West Berlin ○ Reopened on November 9, 1989

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)  United States  Belgium  Britain  Canada  Denmark  France  Iceland  Italy  Luxemburg  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  1952: Greece & Turkey  1955: West Germany  1983: Spain Military alliance to counter Soviet expansion.

Warsaw Pact (1955) }U. S. S. R. }Albania }Bulgaria }Czechoslova kia }East Germany }Hungary }Poland }Rumania Soviet Union and satellite states rival alliance to NATO

Mao Tse Tung, defeats Chiang Kai Shek in the Chinese Civil War….. China became a communistic country. Chang Kai Shak is exiled to Taiwan. Mao Tse Tung becomes the Communistic leader of China. US believed there was a communistic plot to rule the world Mao Tse Tung, defeats Chiang Kai Shek in the Chinese Civil War….. China became a communistic country. Chang Kai Shak is exiled to Taiwan. Mao Tse Tung becomes the Communistic leader of China. US believed there was a communistic plot to rule the world Mao Tse Tung Chang Kai Shek

1950 to 1953, North Korea invades South Korea. North Korea was a communist nation and South Korea was a democracy. “containment”First war of “containment” policy to stop communism “Police Action”“Police Action” not a declared war President Truman leads United Nations. General Douglas MacArthur commands US and UN troops. Called “forgotten war” to 1953, North Korea invades South Korea. North Korea was a communist nation and South Korea was a democracy. “containment”First war of “containment” policy to stop communism “Police Action”“Police Action” not a declared war President Truman leads United Nations. General Douglas MacArthur commands US and UN troops. Called “forgotten war”.

Stalemate by Pres. Eisenhower negotiated an end to war Divided at 38 th parallel Communism contained Remains divided today Stalemate by Pres. Eisenhower negotiated an end to war Divided at 38 th parallel Communism contained Remains divided today

The Arms Race: A “Missile Gap?” }The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in }Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

The Race for Space

1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I Facts on Sputnik Aluminum sphere, 23 inches in diameter weighing 184 pounds with four steel antennae emitting radio signals. Launched Oct. 4, 1957 Stayed in orbit 92 days, until Jan. 4, 1958 Facts on Sputnik Aluminum sphere, 23 inches in diameter weighing 184 pounds with four steel antennae emitting radio signals. Launched Oct. 4, 1957 Stayed in orbit 92 days, until Jan. 4, 1958

Atomic Anxieties: “Duck-and-Cover Generation” Atomic Anxieties: “Duck-and-Cover Generation” Atomic Testing: Between July 16, 1945 and Sept. 23, 1992, the United States conducted 1,054 official nuclear tests, most of them at the Nevada Test Site. Atomic Testing: Between July 16, 1945 and Sept. 23, 1992, the United States conducted 1,054 official nuclear tests, most of them at the Nevada Test Site. Americans began building underground bomb shelters and cities had underground fallout shelters. Effects of Sputnik on United States

Cuba  Fidel Castro Been in power in Cuba since 1959, when he overthrew dictator Batista Transformed Cuba into the first Communist state in the Western Hemisphere

 Cuban Missile Crisis October 14, 1962 U-2 Spy plane spots missiles in Cuba JFK decides to blockade Cuba to keep more missiles from coming in

USSR stops shipping missiles but keeps building up what is already in Cuba Compromise—USSR will take missiles out of Cuba U.S. will remove its missiles from Turkey and promise never to invade Cuba or help anyone else do so