Chapter 13 Energy and Energy Resources Section 1 What is Energy

The Nature of Energy What comes to mind when you hear the word energy? Energy is the ability to cause change. How do the objects below cause change?

Energy of Motion Things that move cause change. As an object moves, it has a form of energy called kinetic energy, which is the energy an object has due to its motion. Kinetic energy increases as an object moves faster. Kinetic energy also increases as the mass of an object increases.

Energy of Position not moving An object can have energy even though it is not moving. Glass of water Example – Glass of water sitting on a kitchen table. Potential energy is the energy stored in an object because of its position. The potential energy of the glass changes to kinetic energy if it falls. Which object has the greatest potential energy?

Forms of Energy temperature Thermal Energy - Increases as temperature increases. chemical bonds Chemical Energy – Energy that is stored in chemical bonds. radiant energy Light Energy – Energy carried by light is called radiant energy. electrical circuit Electrical Energy – The energy that is carried by an electrical circuit. atom’s nucleus. Nuclear Energy – Energy from an atom’s nucleus.

Chapter 13.2 Energy Transformations Pages

Changing Forms of Energy Law of Conservation of Energy According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy is never created or destroyed. The only thing that changes is the form in which energy appears. kinetic and potential Energy can be changed between kinetic and potential energy. Tossing a ball into the air. Example – Tossing a ball into the air.

Energy Changes Form Chemical energy Chemical energy can be transformed to kinetic energy. Example – The food we eat provides energy. Electrical energy Electrical energy can be transformed into other forms of energy. Example – Electricity powers your tv, Playstation3, hair dryer. Thermal energy Thermal energy can be transformed to kinetic energy. Example – Steam locomotives. high low Thermal energy always moves from high temperature to low temperature.

Solar Car Drive System Wheel Motor Solar Cells Gears

Generating Electrical Energy power plants Electrical energy that comes from the wall outlets is produced at power plants. generator A power plant’s generator is a device that transforms kinetic energy into electric energy. turbine Fossil fuels such as coal, oil or natural gas are used to boil water and create steam with runs through a turbine. electrical energy The steam turns the turbine and produces electrical energy.

Power Plants

Chapter 13.3 Sources of Energy Pages

Energy Resources The surface of the Earth receives energy from two sources: 1) The Sun2) The Earth’s Interior the Sun Nearly all the energy you used today can be traced to the Sun. a non-renewable resource An energy source that is used up much faster than it can be replaced is a non-renewable resource. renewable resource A renewable resource is an energy source that is replenished continually.

Non-Renewable Resources Fossil fuels Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy resources that are made from the remains of organisms that lived on Earth’s surface millions of years ago. coal, oil, natural gas Examples of fossil fuels are: coal, oil, and natural gas. Nuclear energy Nuclear energy can be obtained from the energy released by splitting the nucleus of an atom. Uranium Uranium is a non-renewable resource that is used in nuclear power plants.

Renewable Resources Hydroelectricity Hydroelectricity transforms the potential energy that is trapped behind dams and converts this to electrical energy. geothermal energy The heat generated inside the Earth is called geothermal energy. This energy can be converted to electricity. Tidal energy Tidal energy from the ocean can be used to turn a turbine to create electrical energy. wind Modern wind mills can convert the kinetic energy of the wind to electrical energy.