1. What is psychology? 2. What type of work do psychologists do? 3. What type of things do psychologists study 4. Why is the study of psychology important? 5. What do you hope to gain from learning about psychology?

 Psychology  Scientific Study of behavior and mental processes  What is behavior?  What is Mental processes? Goals of Psychology  Predict  Observe  Describe  Explain  Control

 Clinical Psychologist  Counseling Psychologist  School Psychologist  Educational Psychologist  Developmental Psychologists  Personality Psychologists  Social Psychologists  Experimental Psychologists  Other Specialists- industrial, environmental, consumer, Forensic, Health

 Ancient Greece (400 B.C)  Socrates “Know thyself”  Plato (student of Socrates)  Aristotle (student of Plato  Introspection- looking within (Socrates)  Associationism- experiences remind us of similar experiences in the past (Aristotle)  Seek pleasure and to avoid pain

 The Middle Ages  Madness and confusion possessed by the devil- water-float test  Birth of Modern Science  1500’s- Copernicus- earth revolved around the sun  1600’s Newton- Laws of Gravity  1700’s- Chemistry  1800’s Psychology scientific approach  Wilhelm Wundt

 Wilhelm Wundt- Structuralism  William James- Functionalism  John Watson- Behaviorism  B.F Skinner- Reinforcement  Sigmund Freud- Psychoanalysis

 Structuralism (William Wundt)  Structuralists believed that the task of psychology is to identify the basic elements of consciousness in much the same way that physicists break down the basic particles of matter. Ex. four elements in the sensation of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. The main method of investigation in structuralism was introspection.  Introspection

 Functionalism  William James promoted a school of thought known as functionalism, the belief that the real task of psychology is to investigate the function, or purpose, of consciousness rather than its structure.  Experimental observed behavior

 Psychology should be a science  Theories need support through observation and measurement  OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOR  No free will, environment controls behaivor  Born with a blank state  Learning is the same in animals and humans  Pavlov – unconditioned/conditioned/neutral  Skinner

 Operant Conditioning  Changing of behavior by use of reinforcement  Punishers  Ex. Rat in a box… hits lever that drops a food pellet, electric current ?

 Sigmund Freud  Cured by making unconscious thoughts and motivation conscious, thus gaining insight  Used to treat depression and anxiety  Long sessions of therapy  Freudian Slips

 Biological Perspective  Evolutionary Perspective  Cognitive Perspective  Humanistic Perspective  Psychoanalytic Perspective  Learning Perspective  Sociocultural Perspective

 Behaviorism   B.F Skinner  conditioning.html conditioning.html  Pavlov   Psychoanalysis 