New American Diplomacy Goal 6

Essential Idea ► Under Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, the role of the United States expanded in the world.

China vs. Japan ► China vs. Japan- In 1894, Japan beat China in a war over Korea, shocking the world

Fear of Japan ► World Reaction- Britain, France, Germany, and Russia were concerned over Japan’s growing power ► Spheres of Influence- China was divided into “spheres of influence”, where each country had an area under economic and military control

► How many countries had a sphere of influence in China? ► Who is NOT a sphere of influence? ► Where is China’s border? ► Why do you think Russia wanted the northern part of China? ► What can the spheres of influence be compared to? (Think: European country)

Open Door Policy ► Problem for America- America did not have a sphere of influence ► What America did- Secretary of State John Hay said China should be able to trade outside the spheres of influence (i.e. should be able to trade with the United States)

Open Door Policy ► Open Door Policy- China and the United States were able to trade freely ► Who is splitting up China in the picture? ► Who “wants in” on the action? ► Who dislikes this whole idea?

The Boxer Rebellion ► Problem for China- many Chinese did not like the “corrupt” influence of foreign countries (nativism?)

The Boxer Rebellion ► How some Chinese reacted- formed the “Boxers” (real name was “Society of the Harmonious Fists), who fought “corruption” by attacking foreign embassies. ► They murdered 200, and took many hostages

The Boxer Rebellion ► Events of the Boxer Rebellion: Eight countries (United States included) sent in 50,000 troops to stop the rebellion ► Open Door Policy and the Boxer Rebellion Open Door Policy and the Boxer Rebellion Open Door Policy and the Boxer Rebellion ► What does America have to fight with, according to the cartoon?

Roosevelt Replaces McKinley ► In 1901, President _______________ was _________________ by an ______________ in Buffalo, New York. His _____, __________________, who was a _________ from the __________________, took over. ► McKinley McKinley

Roosevelt’s Policies ► Roosevelt favored ______________ the United States’ ______________ in the world. He also supported the ideas of __________________. He was also in favor of the __________________.

“Big Stick Diplomacy” ► The President: Theodore Roosevelt ► His Diplomacy: Big Stick Diplomacy ► What it meant: ► The United States would have a strong, global military presence ► Countries would be too intimidated to challenge the United States ► Roosevelt said, “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

► What is Roosevelt standing over? ► What does the stick say? ► What will America do with the stick, if it has to?

Carrying the Big Stick ► Example #1: Great White Fleet ► In 1907, Roosevelt had 16 new warships constructed ► This fleet (painted white) was sent on a voyage around the world

The Great White Fleet The purpose was to show off American strength and intimidate potential enemies (there was no fighting) The purpose was to show off American strength and intimidate potential enemies (there was no fighting)

► At what countries’ ports did the Great White Fleet stop to “show off”?

Panama ► Example #2: The Panama Canal ► The United States sent 10 warships to help Panama gain independence from Columbia

The Panama Canal ► Roosevelt then ordered the construction of the Panama Canal ► The Panama Canal increased economic and military mobility for the United States (it cut about 8,000 miles off a trip from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific)

► How many miles are saved by the Panama Canal? ► How might this help trade in other parts of the world?

Adding to the Monroe Doctrine Example #3: The Roosevelt CorollaryExample #3: The Roosevelt Corollary Monroe Doctrine- said that North and Latin America would NOT be interfered with by EuropeMonroe Doctrine- said that North and Latin America would NOT be interfered with by Europe Roosevelt Corollary- said that the United States could use FORCE to maintain order and economic stability in Latin AmericaRoosevelt Corollary- said that the United States could use FORCE to maintain order and economic stability in Latin America Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary

Dollar Diplomacy ► The President: William Taft ► His Diplomacy: Dollar Diplomacy ► What it meant: ► Focused diplomacy on Latin America and Asia ► Use economics (trade and/or aid) instead of the military to foster good foreign relations ► Taft called it “trading dollars for bullets”

Wilson’s Foreign Policy ► The President: Woodrow Wilson ► His Diplomacy: Moral Diplomacy ► What it meant: ► Opposed to imperialism ► Wanted to use military to help set up DEMOCRATIC governments in other countries (create countries that would be friendly to us)

Moral Diplomacy ► American Action: United States attempted to set up a democratic government in Mexico ► Mexican Response: led by PANCHO VILLA, many Mexicans rebelled ► What the rebels did: attacked the city of Columbus, killing 16 Americans ► The Outcome: Wilson had to pull out his troops when World War I began ► Diplomacy Summary Diplomacy Summary Diplomacy Summary

Review (connect them!) ► Theodore Roosevelt ► William Taft ► Woodrow Wilson ► Big Stick Diplomacy ► Dollar Diplomacy ► Moral Diplomacy ► Use military intimidation to be powerful ► Set up democratic governments ► Use economics to help foreign relations

How does this apply to today’s diplomacy?  Big Stick Diplomacy Today:  Dollar Diplomacy Today:  Moral Diplomacy Today: