Geography Chapter 1 E.Q: What physical and Human features do Geographers study? Topic/Objective: Elements of Geography TEKS: (B) Describe different types of regions, including formal, functional, and perceptual regions (A) Interpret Maps to explain the division of land, including man-made and natural borders, into separate political units such as cities, states, or countries (A) Describe the impact of new information technologies such as the internet, Global Positioning System (GPS) or Geographic Information systems; (C)

Warm-up Construct a list of words that come to mind when you hear the term “Geography” (3 minutes-Working Alone and Silently)

50 States Music Video

Elements of Geography ▪ Geography –Originated from Greek Language; Earth’s Description ▪ Geographers study Earth’s Physical and Environmental Features ▪ Humans, Animals, and Plants

How Geographers Impact our daily life ▪ Study Climate and Weather patterns ▪ Scientists study the environment’s effect on human growth, development and population ▪ Plan cities and neighborhoods with special consideration of how physical features may impact, traffic, population, economics

The World using Spatial Terms ▪ Location: a specific place on earth that Geographers use as a reference point ▪ Absolute Location: The exact place a place is found on the globe. ▪ Equator: The line circling the globe dividing into northern and southern hemispheres.

Absolute Location ▪ The Prime Meridian divides the earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres. ▪ The Equator- the line circling the earth midway between the North and South Poles divides the earth into Hemispheres. ▪ Hemispheres: Halves ▪ Grid System-The pattern of lines encircling the globe which include the Equator and the Prime Meridian. ▪ ie: Dallas, Texas is 32 degrees N and 96 degrees W

Relative Location ▪ Relative location is the location a place is known by with regard to a nearby landmark. ▪ Ie: Houston’s relative location is near the Gulf of Mexico

Five themes of Geography

Five Themes of Geography PlaceRegion Movement Location Human- Environment Interaction

Remembering the 5 themes ▪ If you can’t remember what they are, just ask MR. HELP!!! ▪ M – Movement ▪ R – Regions ▪ HE – Human Environment interaction ▪ L – Location ▪ P - Place

Places and Regions Place: A particular place with physical and human meaning ▪ Region: Areas united by certain factors ▪ Geographers determine what is similar and different among places and then create groups called regions. Regions ▪ Regions may share physical characteristics such as Soil type, climate or vegetation ▪ Regions also share human factors in common such as language, cultural norms or government

3 Types of Regions Formal: A region which is uniform; in that it shares a common characteristic. ie: Corn Belt. The area between Iowa and Illinois because Corn is their major Crop. Functional: a central place and the surrounding area linked to it. For example, Houston Metropolitan area. Perceptual: popular feelings and images rather than objective data. ie: The Bible belt, The heartland

Types of Geographical Research ▪ Physical Systems: ▪ Geographers study how Volcanoes, hurricanes and other natural phenomenon impact and redesign the earth’s surface.

Types of Geographical Research Human Systems How people impact the planet; how and why do they form societies and create permanent features.

▪ Environment and Society: ▪ Human Environment Interaction-The study of the relationship people and their physical environment. ▪ Uses of Geography: Geographers use research to predict future trends. Government Officials use data to determine how to zone or develop land.

Branches of Geography ▪ Physical Geography: The study of the earth’s physical features. Researchers look at climate, land, water, plants and animals.

▪ Human Geography: (Cultural Geography) The study of human activities and their relationship to the physical and cultural environments.

Metereology ▪ The study of weather and weather forecasting. ▪ Historical Geography the study of places and human activities and the factors that have impacted them.

Geographers at Work ▪ Direct Observation: ▪ Using on site visits to conduct research. ▪ May also use remote sensing; satellite images and Ariel photographs.

▪ Mapping: ▪ Cartographers are specialists who study and make maps. ▪ May create population density maps or geographic maps

▪ Statistics: Researchers will collect numerical data such as rainfall or temperature relative to a particular time period or region.

▪ Interviewing: Geographers will study a particular population by using a sample. ▪ Sample is a carefully chosen smaller section of the population.

▪ Technology-Researchers use the latest technology such as sensors satellites and geographic information systems which are computer tools that arrange data in a meaningful way. ▪ Culture-Researchers use the tools of Sociology and Anthropology to study the relationship the environment impacts social structures and vice versa. ▪ Economics- How do people use, make and transport physical resources

History/Government- Galveston Island before and after hurricanes

Information Representation Making Maps, Graphs, and Diagrams Correctly

Scale ▪ Small Scale – Large Area – Very little detail ▪ Large Scale – Small area – A lot of detail

Graphs ▪ Circle or Pie – Parts of a whole ▪ Bar – Comparisons ▪ Line – Change in Variables

Diagrams ▪ A drawing to explain how something is done. Shows a process.

Homework (Due Wednesday 25 th /Thursday 26 th 1)You will create one Bar Graph, One Circle Graph, (Pie Chart) and One Diagram 2) The circle graph-favorite football teams of other classmates 3) Bar Graph- Favorite fruits of your classmates 4) A diagram of your cell phone or a cell phone showing the features

Circle Graph or Pie Chart Displays the relationship of parts to a whole as percentages

Bar Graph Bar Graphs use bars of different lengths to compare different quantities

Diagram A series of sketches or drawings to further explain and simplify a complex subject.

End of Chapter 1 Go Study for your Formative Test