Energy For The Cell ATP, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration

Energy Ability to do work (chasing prey, finding shelter and mate)

ATP=ENERGY Adenosine triphosphate Energy storage molecule 1 cell uses 1 billion ATP per minute Made of –3 phosphates –ribose (sugar) –adenine (nucleotide

How Energy is Released From ATP When energy is needed –ATP  ADP –Breaks a chemical bond After energy is used, ADP  ADP –Picks up a free loading phosphate ATP/ADP CYCLE

Living Things Autotrophs = producers –Plants and some bacteria –Make their own food (glucose) –Photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

Living Things Heterotrophs = consumers –Organisms that have to eat or obtain food for energy –Herbivores – eat plants –Carnivores – eat other animals –Omnivores – eat both –Detritivores – eat dead matter

Photosynthesis Using light, CO 2, and H 2 O to make food (glucose) Sugar and oxygen are released Organisms with pigments for capturing the energy from light –Chlorophyll (green)

Photosynthesis Equation

Where Does It Take Place? Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast (collects light energy) –Many in each cell of the leaves –Thylakoids – disk or pancake shape Grana – stacks of thylakoids –Stroma – gel –like fluid around thylakoids

2 Reactions of Photosynthesis 1.Light Reaction (Light dependent) –Occurs in the thylakoid –Light is absorbed –H 2 O is split –Oxygen is released –Electrons move through the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) –NADPH and ATP made

2.Dark Reaction (Light Independent) –Calvin Cycle –Occurs in stroma –NADPH and ATP (released in light reaction) used to “fix” CO 2 into glucose

Cellular Respiration Breaking down food molecules to release energy (MAKES ATP) Glycolysis is the first process in breaking down glucose –Takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell –Changes glucose into 2 pyruvate –2 ATP used, 4 ATP made (net of 2ATP)

Two Types of Cellular Respiration (after glycolysis) 1.Aerobic Respiration –Takes place in the MITOCHONDRIA –Occurs when Oxygen is present –Pyruvate from glycolysis is broken down into CO 2 and Water –Has 2 parts Kreb’s cycle and ETC –Makes 36 ATP from 1 glucose molecule

2.Anaerobic Respiration –Break down of pyruvate without OXYGEN –Occurs in cytoplasm –Does not produce many ATP –Two kinds Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcohol Fermentation

Alcoholic Fermentation How we make beer, wine and some breads Starts with pyruvate End Products: 2 - ATP 2 - CO Ethanol’s

Lactic Acid Fermentation Makes our muscles sore if we work out too much Starts with pyruvate End Products: –2 – ATP –2 - Lactic Acids

Respiration Equation C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O ATP released

Final Accounting The breakdown of glucose nets a TON of energy for the cell. We can harvest a total of 36 ATP per molecule of glucose. Remember that extremely active cells need tons of energy from the mitochondria.