1. Cell Energy: PHOTOSYNTHESIS + CELL ENERGY PHOTOSYNTHESIS:  How can we classify organisms in how they get energy?  In what ways do organisms get energy?  What is the formula for photosynthesis? How does it work?  What Factors effect Photosnthesis? RESPIRATION:  What are the two types of Respiration?  What is the formula for Respiration? How does it work?  What Factors effect Respiration? KEY CONCEPTS

2. How can we classify organisms in how they get energy? Autotrophs Also called producers What process do autotrophs use to make food? What are some examples of autotrophs? HETEROTROPHS Also called consumers How do heterotrophs get their food? What are some examples of heterotrophs?

3. Energy for Life Photosynthesis Define: Process that converts sunlight energy into sugar (_______________) in plants. Respiration DEFINE: process that converts glucose in sugar into usable energy for cells Two biological processes are needed to create usable energy for organisms Which process(es) do autotrophs use and which process(es) do heterotrophs use?

4. ATP & Energy Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) = energy storage molecule Cells use ATP for Growth and Maintanance and HOMEOSTASIS! adenineribose three phosphate groups

5. ATP HOW DOES ATP POWER OUR CELLS? ATP stores energy in the bonds between the phosphate groups When a bond is broken energy is released HERE IS HOW IT WORKS: The chemical equation for breaking an ATP molecule is:

6. Chloroplasts: a plant organelle that carries out Photosynthesis Chloroplasts are like: mini solar panels that capture sunlight energy to make glucose! What makes them green? What is a pigment? natural substance that gives color to animals and plants Absorb and reflect wavelengths of light We see the reflected color What colors of light does chlorophyll reflect? Absorb?

7. Pigments What are all the colors of visible light?

8. Pigments WHAT ARE OTHER PIGMENTS CALLED?

9. Photosynthesis 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + sunlight C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

10. The 2 Stages of Photosynthesis 1. Light Reactions Light enters Chlorophyll in Chloroplast and excites electrons H2O is Split into H and O2 ATP & NADPH is made 2. Dark Reactions AKA: Calvin Cycle CO2 + H +NADPH and ATP are made into GLUCOSE and more CO2 What is the difference between these two stages?

11. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis Light Intensity – the more light the faster the rate of photosynthesis. CO 2 Concentration – the more CO 2, the faster the rate of photosynthesis. Temperature – rate of photosynthesis slows down at extremes of hot or cold.

12. Cellular Respiration

13. Respiration Respiration – the biochemical process that converts glucose made in photosynthesis into ATP Occurs in both autotrophs and heterotrophs. AND

14. Respiration Two Types of Respiration AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC. Aerobic respiration requires OXYGEN to make ATP energy. The chemical equation for aerobic respiration is: C 6 H 12 0 6 + 6O 2  6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + 36 ATP

15. Respiration Anaerobic respiration DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN. (Also called FERMENTATION) Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration START with the same process…GLYCOLYSIS

16. Glycolysis Occurs in CYTOPLASM The chemical equation for glycolysis is: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 2ATP  2 Pyruvic acid + 4ATP Means “split the sugar,”

17. Aerobic Respiration Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA 1.Pyruvic acid eventually made into H+, CO 2, and ATP. 2.The H+ ions bond to other molecules and end up making 34 more ATP. 3.2 ATP (Glycolysis) + 34 ATP (aerobic) = 36 ATP

18. Anaerobic Respiration Occurs in the CYTOPLASM. Both processes result in the production of only 2 ATP MOLECULES. Factors Affecting Respiration: ATP concentration - the more ATP molecules available, the slower the rate of respiration.

19. Anaerobic Respiration in Plants/Bacteria/Fungi (OCCURS IN CYTOPLASM) Summary of anaerobic respiration in plants: 1.Pyruvate goes through alcoholic fermentation 2.Pyruvate converted to alcohol and carbon dioxide 3.No additional ATP is created What useful materials can be made from alcoholic fermentation? - Yeast undergoes alcoholic fermentation in the process of making wine and beer.

20. Anaerobic Respiration in Animals (OCCURS IN CYTOPLASM) Summary of anaerobic respiration in animals: 1.Pyruvate goes through lactic acid fermentation 2.Pyruvate converted to lactic acid and carbon dioxide 3.No additional ATP is created How does lactic acid fermentation affect us? - Lactic acid can build up in muscles when they run out of oxygen and causes muscle soreness

21. Aerobic Vs. Anaerobic Respiration

22. ProcessLocationReactantsProducts Glycolysis Aerobic respiration Lactic acid fermentation Alcoholic fermentation Summary of Cellular Respiration

23. HOW ARE PHOTOSINTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION RELATED?