Motivation

2 Overview  What is Motivation?  Motivation Theories Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y  Tips for Motivating Subordinates

3 Webster’s Definition  MOTIVATION: an impulse,emotion, desire, or psychological need acting as incitement to action. psychological need acting as incitement to action.

4 Motivation Defined Getting people doing what needs to be done because they want to do it. MOTIVATION IS INTERNAL

5 Motivation Defined Motivation Chain Ability Desire Reward

6 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

7 MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS Survival Safety Belonging Ego Self-Actualization

8 TIP  A Lower Level Need Must Be Satisfied Before the Next Higher Level Becomes Important in Motivating Behavior.  Only Relatively Unsatisfied Needs are Capable of Motivating People.

9 Survival  Food  Clothing  Shelter

10 Safety  Physical Safety Safe from harm Safe from harm  Psychological Safety Job, Retirement, Savings Accounts Job, Retirement, Savings Accounts

11 Belonging/Social  Love  Acceptance  Approval  Warmth

12 Esteem/Ego  Recognition  Worth  Status  Self-Respect

13 Self-Actualization  Self-Fulfillment  Personal Growth  Realizing Potential

14 McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

McGregor’s Theory X don’t like to work  People, by nature, don’t like to work lack ambition coerced or forced to work  People lack ambition and must be coerced or forced to work be told what to do  People prefer to be told what to do resist change  People resist change gulliblenot overly intelligent  People are gullible and not overly intelligent

16 McGregor’s Theory X  Hard Approach Coercion (usually disguised) Coercion (usually disguised) Tight controls over behavior Tight controls over behavior

17 McGregor’s Theory X  Soft Approach Satisfying People’s Demands Satisfying People’s Demands Abdication of Management Abdication of Management

McGregor’s Theory Y  People may actively seek work instead of avoid it  People prefer participative management  People prefer setting their own goals  People seek responsibility

19 McGregor’s Theories  Theory X  Management by External Control  Hard and Soft Approach  Theory Y  Management by Self Control  Job Enrichment  Participation

20 Tips for Motivating Subordinates  Start with a goal or mission  Make the task clear  Match the people with the task  Remove the roadblocks  Give positive feedback

21 Tips for Motivating Subordinates  Give more responsibility when appropriate  Let people work independently  Recognize achievements / contributions  Don’t make promises you can’t keep  Be a good role model

22 Summary  What is Motivation?  Motivation Theories Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y  Tips for Motivating Subordinates