CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ms/science/human-body/circulatory- system.htm

What is the Circulatory System ? The system of the body responsible for internal transport. The Circulatory System is a combination of vessels and muscle that help control the flow of blood around the body. This is known as CIRCULATION.

Cardiovascular System Overview Consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels The heart pumps blood throughout the body Blood vessels transport blood throughout the body

Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System angi/oangiogram vas/o- anatomical vessel or duct vasospasm vascul/o vascular aort/o- (aorta) aortic

Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System arteri/oarteriosclerosis ather/o atheroma atri/oatrioventricular

FUNCTIONS of the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.carries oxygen and food to cells in the body carries carbon dioxide and waste away from cells aids in coagulation process assists in defending body against disease

Parts of the Circulatory System HEART – organ of the cardiovascular system that contracts to pump blood through the blood vessels; It is made up of cardiac muscle fibers. BLOOD VESSELS – the closed system of tubes that conducts blood throughout the body; The three kinds of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and capillaries Blood-

The Heart Muscular Organ Hollow interior Pumps blood throughout the body Four chambers Upper chambers (2) Lower chambers (2)

HEART

Structure of the HEART Made of cardiac muscle- could be considered a muscle as well as an organ 4 chambers(cavities) of the heart: 2 Atria- upper chambers of the heart (right atrium & left atrium) 2 Ventricles- lower chambers of the heart(right ventricle & left ventricle) Septum- divides the heart into right and left sides

Structure of the Heart Valves — Open and close with the heartbeat to maintain one-way flow of blood through the heart tricuspid valve — located between right atrium and right ventricle mitral (bicuspid) valve — located between left atrium and left ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve — opening from right ventricle to pulmonary artery aortic valve — located between left ventricle and aorta (continued)

Layers of the Heart endocardium membrane that lines the interior cavities of the heart myocardium Thick, muscular layer epicardium Outer membrane Pericardium is the loose, protective sac that surrounds and encloses the heart

Heart Chambers The right atrium receives blood returning from the body. It is deoxygenated (blue). The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where the blood receives oxygen. The left atrium receives the oxygen rich blood from the lungs The left ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood to the body. Right atrium →Right ventricle→LUNGS→Left atrium→ Left ventricle→Body→

Structures of the Heart

Blood flow through heart

The Heart

Blood Circulation

Blood hem/o and hemat/o Four Components of Blood 1. Red Blood Cells (RBC)(45%) 2. White Blood Cells (WBC) 3. Platelets 4. Plasma (55%)

Blood Cells RBC – erythrocytes WBC – leukocytes Platelets - thrombocytes

Erythrocytes (RBC) erythr/o - red cyte – cell Hemoglobin - a blood protein transports oxygen Reticulocyte - immature erythrocyte

What makes our blood RED? The iron in hemoglobin is what makes blood red.

Leukocytes leuk/o – white Protect the body against invasion Part of the immune system

Platelets (Thrombocytes) essential to blood coagulation (clotting) If there is an injury and blood comes in contact with any tissue other than the lining of the vessels, then the platelets stick together, form plug, seals wound. Chemicals released, series of reactions, formation of clot.

PLASMA plasma Mostly water some plasma proteins

Antigen-Antibody Reactions Antigen - any substance that the body regards as foreign (virus, bacterium, toxin) Antibody - a disease fighting protein developed by the body in response to the presence of an antigen

Blood Groups Four blood groups based on presence or absence of blood antigens (agglutinogens) on surface of RBCs A - A antigen B - B antigen AB - both AB antigens O - no AB antigens

Blood Transfusions Blood Type Can Donate to Group A A, AB B B, AB AB (universal receiver) AB O (universal donor) A, B, AB,O

Rh Factor Rh factor is antigen present on RBC of 85% of pop. of US. Rh positive and Rh negative Rh neg. pregnant woman may develop antibodies to the Rh protein of her Rh- positive fetus.

Blood Vessels Arteries - vessels that carry blood from the heart to arterioles Veins - vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules Capillaries - tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules

Blood Vessels- Arteries arteries vessels that carry blood from the heart to arterioles aorta large artery branching from the left ventricle, distributes blood to the rest of the body arterioles small vessels receive blood from the arteries

Veins Veins- carry blood back to the heart from the venules Venules- small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins

Blood Pressure Force exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries, veins and heart chambers Determined by: 1. volume of blood 2. the space within the arteries and arterioles 3. the force of the heart contractions

Blood Pressure Terms Diastole period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria(bottom number on BP reading) Systole period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and pulmonary artery(top number) The pulse you feel at your wrist or other pulse points is the surge of blood caused by the heart’s contraction. Pulse rate normally equals heart rate.

Blood Pressure Terms hypotension low blood pressure hypertension high blood pressure (continued)

BLOOD Pressure Sphygmomanometer – device used to measure blood pressure. Systole – the strongest pressure at the time the blood is forced out of the ventricles Diastole – the pressure at rest, taken as the ventricles refill with blood

Blood Pressure Determination

ASSIGNMENT DISEASES OF THE HEART 1. Cardiovascular Disease 2. Heart Attack 3. Angina 4. Cardiac Arrest 5. Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis Include mechanism of injury/disease, signs/symptoms and treatment BONUS: Rehabilitation