1. Cardiovascular System
Chapter 7

2. Cardiovascular System Overview
Consists of the heart and blood vessels
The heart pumps blood throughout the body
Blood vessels transport blood throughout the body

3. The Heart Muscular Organ Hollow interior
Pumps blood throughout the body
Four chambers
Upper chambers
Lower chambers

4. Structure of the Heart Four Chambers
Right atrium (upper chamber)
Left atrium (upper chamber)
Right ventricle (lower chamber)
Left ventricle (lower chamber)
Septum — divides heart into right and left portions
Interatrial septum — separates the atria
Interventricular septum — separates the ventricles

5. Structure of the Heart
(continued)
Valves — Open and close with the heartbeat to maintain one-way flow of blood through the heart
tricuspid valve — located between right atrium and right ventricle
mitral (bicuspid) valve — located between left atrium and left ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve — opening from right ventricle to pulmonary artery
aortic valve — located between left ventricle and aorta

6. Layers of the Heart endocardium myocardium epicardium
membrane that lines the interior cavities of the heart
myocardium
Thick, muscular layer
epicardium
Outer membrane
Pericardium is the loose, protective sac that surrounds and encloses the heart

7. Structures of the Heart

8. Blood Vessels arteries aorta arterioles
vessels that carry blood from the heart to arterioles
aorta
large artery branching from the left ventricle
arterioles
small vessels receive blood from the arteries

9. Blood Vessels capillaries venules veins
(continued)
capillaries
tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules
venules
small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
veins
vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules

10. Coronary Arteries

11. Blood and Lymph Circulation

12. Arteries

13. Veins

14. Blood Pressure
Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries, veins and heart chambers
Determined by the volume of blood, the space within the arteries and arterioles, and the force of the heart contractions

15. Blood Pressure Terms diastole systole normotension
period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria
systole
period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and pulmonary artery
normotension
normal blood pressure

16. Blood Pressure Terms hypotension hypertension low blood pressure
(continued)
hypotension
low blood pressure
hypertension
high blood pressure

17. Blood Pressure Determination

18. Conditions Causing Reduction of Blood Flow

19. Types of Aneurysms

20. Coronary Artery Disease