1. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

2. Questions?
What are the structures that make up the cardiovascular system?
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

3. Unit Objectives
Students will know the anatomy of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
Students will know the physiology of the above structures.
Students will know how to trace blood through the chambers of the heart as well as the pulmonary and systemic circulations.
Students will know the electrical current flow through the heart

4. Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System
The structures of the circulatory system are:
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood

5. There are 3 Circulatory Systems
pulmonary circulation right side of heart
systemic circulation
left side of heart
Coronary circulation: feeds the heart tissue

6. Transport System Blood transports to the tissues of the body
oxygen
nutrients/hormones
Transports wastes out of the body
toxins (urea) (FROM METABOLISM)
carbon dioxide.

8. Anatomy of the Heart Hollow Cone shaped About 1 lb Thorax region
Medial to the lungs
Superior to the diaphragm
Enclosed by a double sac of serious membrane
Pericardium: slippery, contains fluid (frictionless environment = allows heart to beat easily
Pericarditis: decrease in fluid = layers bind together

9. The interior heart contains 3 layers
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

10. The heart pumps blood throughout the body.
The heart has four chambers:
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle

11. The Chambers The atria The ventricles receive blood
not involved in pumping blood
The ventricles
Thick walled
Involved in pumping blood

12. Septums Tissue between the chambers
The interatrial septum is between the atria’s
The interventricular septum is between the ventricles

13. 1. Atrioventricular valves
There are 4 valves in the heart. Keeps the blood pumping in one direction.
1. Atrioventricular valves
located between atria & ventricular chambers.
Prevents the blood from flowing back into the atria when the ventricles are contracting.
Left side – bicuspid or mitral valve
Right side – tricuspid valve

14. As the valves open and close they force blood to continually move.
2. Semilunar valves
guard the bases of the 2 large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers.
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar valve
The semilunar valves are closed during relaxation and open during contraction of the ventricles.
As the valves open and close they force blood to continually move.

15. Anchors chordae tendineae
are cords that anchor the flaps of the valves to the walls of the endocardium.

17. Blood Vessels The heart pumps blood through pathways called vessels.
The three major vessel types are
Arteries
veins
capillaries

18. All Arteries flow Away from the Heart.
Arteries-transport oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body tissue.
Thicker than veins
Contains elastic fibers for elasticity
Must be able to expand to accept the blood forced into them from the heart.
Branch into the arterioles.
Because of their elasticity and thickness, blood pressure in the body is maintained.
The largest artery in the body is the aorta.
All Arteries flow Away from the Heart.

19. Veins help blood revisit the heart for re-oxygenation.
Veins- transport deoxygenated blood from the body tissues back to the heart.
Inelastic
Have valves
Branch into the venules
Because of their valves, veins keep the blood from pooling and flowing back to the legs due to gravity. (Varicose veins).
The largest vein in the body is the vena cava.
Veins help blood revisit the heart for re-oxygenation.

20. Varicose Veins

21. Capillaries-
Are 1 cell layer thick, and cells have to go through single file because of the diameter of the pathway.
Are the pathways where blood and cells exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide.
Are the places where white blood cells can leave the circulatory system to help fight infection.

23. HOW BLOOD FLOW IS ORGANIZED THROUGH THE BODY

24. HOW BLOOD FLOW IS ORGANIZED THROUGH THE BODY
Using your colored pencils fill in the above diagram using your red pencil to color in your RBC, and the oxygenated blood pathway; then using your blue pencil, color in the deoxygenated pathway and shade in your RBC lightly to show that they are carrying CO2.

26. The cardiac cycle is the electrical process of the heart that allows blood to be pumped throughout the body.

27. 10. Hematology is the study of blood
10. Hematology is the study of blood. Blood is technically a connective tissue because it “connects” to all parts of the body as part of its function.

28. 4 Major Blood Components
Erythrocytes- Red Blood Cells
Hemoglobin- red pigmented protein that loosely binds to Oxygen atoms and Carbon Dioxide molecules.
CO poisoning….irreversible =death
Leukocytes- White Blood Cells
5 kinds that fight against different infections and other immune responses
Thrombocytes- Platelets
Important for clotting
Plasma- liquid portion of blood (straw colored)
Composed primarily of water12.

29. Blood Components

30. Blood Types There are 4 Human Blood Types: Blood type A Blood type B
Blood type O

31. Blood Types