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The Cardiovascular System

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Presentation on theme: "The Cardiovascular System"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Cardiovascular System

2 Composed of the HEART and all of the blood vessels of the body.

3 Functions… To circulate blood
Maintain an internal environment in which all cells of your body are nourished.

4 Carbon Dioxide is delivered to the lungs
As your heart pumps… Blood vessels carry oxygen and nutrients to body cells. Carbon dioxide is carried, along with waste matter, from your cells. Carbon Dioxide is delivered to the lungs Waste products are delivered to the kidneys for removal from the body.

5 Structure The cardiovascular system consists of: The heart Blood
Blood vessels Arteries Capillaries Veins These all transport blood throughout the body

6 The HEART Along with the brain, it is one of the most important organs in the body. The pump that makes the cardiovascular system work NEVER RESTS Made up of: Muscle tissue called MYOCARDIUM Contracts and relaxes constantly and rhythmically.

7 Chambers of the Heart There are 4 chambers in the heart
Two atriums The two smaller chambers Two ventricles The two lower, larger chambers A wall of tissue, called the SEPTUM, separates the right and left sides of each.

8 At the top of the right atrium is an area of muscle that acts as a natural pacemaker for the rest of the heart. Regular electrical impulses from this area stimulate the muscles of each atrium to contract. Forcing blood into the ventricles. This then sends electrical impulses to the area between the two ventricles and causes them to contract. This sends the blood out of the heart.

9 Valves Valves between the atria and ventricles allow blood to flow through the chambers of the heart. THESE ARE “ONE-WAY” VALVES Atria to ventricles The sound you hear as the heart beat is the closing of these valves.

10 Circulation in the heart
Vena Cava Blood that has been depleted of oxygen but contains carbon dioxide and waste matter is carried to the heart by two large blood vessels called the vena cava. Enters the right atrium and is transferred to the right ventricle, then to the lungs In the lungs the blood releases the carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen from inhaled air. This newly oxygenated blood is returned from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. The left atrium pumps the oxygenated blood into the left ventricle, which then pumps the blood out of the heart to the rest of the body through the large artery called the AORTA.

11 Blood Delivers: Carries away waste that the cells produce Plasma
Oxygen Hormones Nutrients Carries away waste that the cells produce Plasma The fluid in which other parts of the blood are suspended Mostly water

12 Blood Red blood cells White blood cells
Transport oxygen to the cells and tissues Formed in bone marrow Contain hemoglobin The oxygen carrying protein in blood. White blood cells Main role is to protect the body against infection and fight infection when it occurs. Part the of the immune system Produced in bone marrow

13 Blood Vessels A network of more than 60,000 miles of blood vessels that transport blood. Three main types of blood vessels Arteries Capillaries Veins

14 Arteries The blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart.
Have thick elastic walls with smooth muscle fibers Pulmonary arteries Carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs Systemic arteries (aorta) Carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to all areas of the body.

15 Capillaries Are small vessels that carry blood between arterioles and small vessels called VENULES Form extensive networks in tissues and organs The exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes between blood and cells takes place through the ultra-thin walls of the capillaries. Play a role in body temp. regulation.

16 Veins The blood vessels that RETURN blood to the heart. Vena cava
Carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart Pulmonary veins Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. Have valves that prevent backflow.

17 Platelets The cells that prevent the body’s loss of blood.
These gather at the site of an injury and release chemicals that make them sticky, causing them to clump together with other cells. The chemicals release stimulate FIBRIN to form. Fibrin are small, thread-like fibers SCAB


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