1. The Circulatory System

2. Circulatory System The human circulatory system consists of the heart, a series of blood vessels, and the blood that flows through them.

3. The Heart – about the size of your cliched fist Pericardium – protective sac the heart is enclosed in Myocardium - thick middle muscle layer of the heart; pumps blood through the circulatory system Atrium - upper chamber of the heart that receives and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle Ventricle - thick-walled, muscular, lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart Pulmonary Circulation - pathway in which the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs Systemic Circulation - pathway in which the left side of the heart pumps blood to all of the body except the lungs Valves - flap of connective tissue between an atrium and a ventricle, or in a vein, that prevents backflow of blood

4. Circulation of Blood Through the Heart 1.Vena Cava 2.Right Atrium 3.Right atrioventricular (AV) tricuspid valve 4.Right Ventricle 5.Pulmonary Semilunar Valve 6.Pulmonary Artery 7.Lungs 8.Pulmonary veins 9.Left Atrium 10.Left Atrioventricular (AV) bicuspid valve 11.Left Ventricle 12.Aortic Semilunar Valve 13.Aorta 14.To all the cells of the body

5. Circulation 4 chambered Heart 3 loop system circulatory system

6. Heartbeat Pacemaker - small group of cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium that “set the pace” for the heart as a whole; also known as the sinoatrial node

7. Circulation System Aorta - large blood vessel in mammals through which blood travels from the left ventricle to all parts of the body except the lungs Artery - large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. –High Pressure, can contract and expand Capillary - smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products –Thin so nutrients can be passed to cells or waste material absorbed Vein - a blood vessel that returns blood to the heart. –Low pressure, no muscles in walls

8. Circulatory System One-way Valves Exercise

9. Blood Pressure Systolic – first number, measures the pressure on the arteries when the ventricles are contracted Diastolic – second number, measures the pressure on the arteries when the ventricles are relaxed Normal blood pressure 120/80

10. Questions 1.List the structures of the circulatory system. 2.Compare the functions of the three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system. 3.Describe the path of blood circulation through the body. 4.How is heartbeat controlled? 5.Explain how regular exercise can promote good circulation.

11. Blood

12. Blood Composition ComponentScientific NameProperties Red Blood CellsErythrocytes Carry hemoglobin and oxygen. No nucleus Avg. Life 120days Formed in bone marrow Recycled by Liver White Blood CellsLeukocytes Fight infection Formed in Bone marrow Die fighting infection (pus) PlasmaNone Liquid portion of blood. (90%) water Contains: Clotting factors Hormones Antibodies Dissolved gasses Nutrients & wastes PlateletsThrombocytes Clot blood Formed in bone marrow by megakaryocytes

13. Blood Composition

14. Red Blood Cells Red blood cells transport oxygen. Mature RBC have no nuclei. Last for about 120Days

15. White Blood Cells Produce in Red Bone Marrow No Hemoglobin; Contains Nucleus

16. White Blood Cells

17. Clotting Thromboplastin, prothrobin, thrombin, fibrinogen, and fibrin are all clotting proteins found in blood plasma Mechanism –Thromboplastin & Ca+ ions are released by damages cells & stimulates the  –Conversion of prothrombin  thrombin & stimulates  –Conversion of Fibrinogen  Fibrin (clot)