1. Middle Ages Including Feudalism, Charlemagne, the role of the Church, and the Crusades It all started with the fall of the Roman Empire

2. Rome is captured in 410 AD

3. Medieval Europe Background The Middle Ages occurred from the fall of the Roman Empire to the beginning of the modern era. The Middle Ages were a dark age for Europe. Near constant invasions and scant resources required that Europeans develop a new system for living. This system included all aspects of life, social, political, and economic. It was called Feudalism.

4. Feudalism Feudalism was a social, political, and economic system that dominated all aspects of medieval life. The economic portion of feudalism was centered around the lord's estates or manor, and is called manorialism. A lord's manor would include peasant villages, a church, farm land, a mill, and the lord's castle or manor house

7. Manorialism Manors were self sufficient; all economic activity occurred on the manor. This meant that little to no trade occurred during this time period. Most of the peasants during the Middle Ages were serfs. Serfs were given land to farm in exchange for service to their lord. Service included working in the fields, maintaining roads and the manor, or military service in during wars.. The lords had responsibilities also under this system. In return for the services and taxes paid by the peasants, they provided land and protection to them. Lords also had to pay fees and give service to high lords and the king. Feudalism affected all levels of society

8. The Feudal System Kings Give large land grants to Upper Lords called fiefs Give Protection Receives money, military service, and advice Upper Lords Give land grants to Lesser Lords Give Protection Receives money, military service Lesser Lords Give land grants to knights Receives money, military service Knights Give land to peasants/serfs Receives crops, labor Peasants/ Serfs Receives land to farm Pays with labor, crops The Feudal System Kings Give large land grants to Upper Lords called fiefs Give Protection Receives money, military service, and advice Upper Lords Give land grants to Lesser Lords Give Protection Receives money, military service Lesser Lords Give land grants to knights Receives money, military service Knights Give land to peasants/serfs Receives crops, labor Peasants/ Serfs Receives land to farm Pays with labor, crops

9. Comparison of Feudalism in Europe and Japan EuropeJapan NobilityKing, lord, lesser lord Emperor, shogun, daimyo WarriorsKnightsSamurai Code of Conduct ChivalryBushido Both practices developed in response to the need for security and stability everyone had well-defined social roles helped preserve law and order

10. The Age of Charlemagne In a time of chaos, one ruler arose to unite most of the western regions of the fallen Western Roman Empire. That ruler was Charles, king of the Franks, or Charlemagne. Wanted to recreate the Roman Empire. On Christmas Day, 800, Pope Leo III crowned him Holy Roman Emperor.

12. During the middle ages two distinct Christian churches emerged Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox

13. Role of the Church Spiritual: Religion was a central part of life for medieval people from baptism to marriage. Secular: In addition to being the social center of the village, the church had economic power and political power. The Church was the largest landholder, gained wealth through tithing and had its own laws and courts which frequently clashed with King’s authority. Some parish priests ran schools. The Roman Catholic Church had a great influence on the government, art, culture, and scientific theories during the Middle Ages.

14. The Crusades In the 1050’s the Seljuk Turks invade the Byzantine empire and conquered Palestine or the Holy land. The Muslims and Jews also considered this their Holy Land. The Pope called for a crusade to free the Holy Land.

15. The Crusades

16. Reasons for the Crusades The Pope wanted to increase his power Christians believed it was their duty to recover the Holy Land Nobles wanted to gain wealth. Adventurers sought travel and excitement Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression

17. The Black Death The bubonic plague was a highly infectious disease spread by the fleas on rats. Rats were common in the cities of this time. This particular outbreak first appeared in China In the early 1300’s with deaths of about 35 million Chinese. It was a global epidemic that that spread through the increased trade between counties. Between 1347 and 1353, the plague killed on person out of every three in Europe over 25 million.