2. Chapter 4: Ancient Greece 1900-133 BC

3. Chapter 4 Section 2 The Greek City- States

4. Learning Objectives The students will be able to: zCompare and contrast the roles of women, children, and males in Sparta and Athens. zName the forms of government in Greece.

5. z Central focus of Greek life z Town, city, or village & the countryside z Where people met for political, social, & religious activities Greek City-State Polis

7. 2 Acropolis--fortified hill in center of the city

8. agora--marketplace

9. Acropolis 2 Agora

10. 2 Hoplite soldiers – Heavily armed infantry or foot soldiers

11. Phalanx – block formation

12. Tyrants z Seized the government - took land from the rich & gave to the poor z Gained & kept power by hiring soldiers z fell out of favor because contradicted the Greek rule of law

13. z Tyranny led to the development of democracy yEnded the rule of aristocrats & allowed new people to participate in government

14. Sparta and Athens

15. Sparta

16. z Conquered their neighbors, the Laconians & the Messenians z These people became known as helots (Greek word for “capture”)

17. Became a military state to ensure control over the helots

18. Boys learn military discipline

19. Spartan = “highly self-disciplined” y men served a lifetime in the military (age 20-60) y lives were rigidly organized & tightly controlled

20. Spartan Hoplite 8

21. Spartan Women * power over the home *exercise & remain fit *expected husbands & sons to be brave

22. Spartan Values z duty, strength and discipline over all z discouraged from studying philosophy, literature & arts – might lead to new thoughts

23. Spartan Government z Oligarchy - 2 Kings z Ephors – 5 elected men z Council of Elders

24. Athens

25. Daily Life in Classical Athens z Boys were taught reading, writing, math, music, and physical education z Education ended at age 18 when officially became a citizen

26. Athenian Women 4

27. Role of Women zStrictly controlled -confined to the house zAlways had a male guardian zCould not own property zLearned to read & play instruments, but were not given a formal education

28. Government z Ruled by Aristocrats z Economic problems = political turmoil z Farmers sold into slavery z Athens verged on Civil War

29. Solon Reform- minded Aristocrat

30. Solon’s Reforms z Cancelled all debts z Freed slaves z Would not take land from rich & give to poor

31. Internal Strife = Tyranny z Pisistratus seized power in 560 BC z Gave aristocrats’ land to the poor to gain their favor z Succeed by his son & Athenians rebelled against him

32. Cleisthenes’s Reforms z Gained power in 508 BC z Created a council of 500 – Citizen’s Assembly z Basis of Athenian democracy

33. Types of Government

34. Monarchy z Ruled by a single king z Rule is hereditary z Some rulers claim divine right z Practiced in Mycenae

35. Oligarchy z Ruled by a small group of citizens z Rule is based on wealth z Practiced in Sparta

36. Aristocracy z Ruled by nobility z Rule is hereditary & based on land ownership z Social status & wealth supports authority z Practiced in Athens

37. Democracy z Ruled by citizens z Rule is based on citizenship z Majority rule decides the vote zResulted from Cleisthenes reforms z Practiced in Athens

38. Learning Objectives The students will be able to: zCompare and contrast the roles of women, children, and males in Sparta and Athens. zName the forms of government in Greece.