1. The Ancient Greeks: Sparta and Athens Chapter 4 Section 2 Mrs
The Ancient Greeks: Sparta and Athens Chapter 4 Section 2 Mrs. Deborah Thompson World History

2. Did you know?
Children in ancient Greece played many games we still play today including backgammon, checkers, hockey, and chess

4. Vocabulary Review!
Tyrant – someone who takes power by force and rules with authority.
Oligarchy –rule by the few
Democracy – a citizen-run government.
Helot – workers captured and enslaved by the Spartans.

5. Tyranny in the City-States
Powerful nobles with large farms seized power from the Greek kings.
Farmers lost their land and had to work for the nobles or were sold into slavery.
Farmers often had to borrow money from nobles and could not pay back the debt.
At the end of the Dark Age…
Tyrants, or people who take power by force and rule with total authority, arose.
Support came from the hoplites in the army, who were also farmers.
Tyrants overthrew nobles because they had the backing of the common people.
Unhappy farmers demanded changes
Changes in the
Power Structure
Tyranny in the City-States

6. Athens had a democracy. Sparta had an oligarchy.1 2 3 4
Most early Greek tyrants acted wisely and fairly.
Athens had a democracy.
Tyrants made themselves popular by building new marketplaces, temples,
and protective walls.
Most Greeks didn’t want rule
by one person, so
tyrants fell out of favor.
Sparta had an oligarchy.
By 500 B.C. most city-states
became either oligarchies
or democracies.

7. SPARTA

8. Life in Sparta
To keep the helots under control they created a strong military of boys and men.
The results were …
So this happened …
Then this happened …
And that led to this …
Spartans feared that the helots might rebel against them.
Sparta was founded by the Dorians who invaded the Peloponnesus in the Dark Age.
Sparta needed more land to grow, so they conquered and enslaved their neighbors.
They called their captive workers helots, a Greeks word for “capture”.
Started with …

9. Life in Sparta

10. Spartan Military
Children were raised to be soldiers or the mothers of soldiers.
Boys were sent to live in military barracks at the age of 7.
Men trained heavily in combat and expected either to win or to die on the battlefield.
Spartan men returned home at age of 30 but stayed in the army until age 60.
At age 20, Spartan men entered the regular army and lived in the military barracks for another 10 years.
They were harshly treated to make them tough.

11. Spartan teachers

12. Spartan school

13. Spartan school conference

15. Spartan Women They kept fit to become healthy mothers.
Spartan girls were
trained in sports such
as running, wrestling,
and throwing
the javelin.
They kept fit to
become healthy
mothers.
Spartan Women
Women ran the
homes and farms
while the men were
in the military
and living in
the barracks.
Spartan women
were freer than
other Greek
women and could
own property.

16. Spartan wife swap

17. Goddess Artemis was often seen as a Patron goddess and warrior in Sparta.

18. Sparta’s Government Oligarchy Assembly Means rule by a few.
Two kings headed a council of elders.
The council included 28 citizens over age 60 and presented laws to an assembly.
Oligarchy
Ephors enforced the laws and managed tax collection.
They voted on the council’s laws and chose 5 people to be ephors.
All Spartan men over age 30 belonged to the assembly.
Assembly

19. Focused Military Training
The Spartans focused on military skills to control the people they conquered.
Focused Military Training
Spartans fell behind other Greeks in trade and they knew less about science and other subjects.
Spartans soldiers were strong and swift.
To prevent questioning of the Spartan system of government
Banned travel abroad for any reason except military ones
Frowned upon citizens who studied literature or the arts.
Discouraged foreign visitors

21. Life in Athens Main Idea:
Athens lay northeast of Sparta, at least a two-day trip away.
Unlike Spartans, Athenians were more interested in building a democracy than building a military force.
Main Idea:

22. At age 18, boys finished school and became citizens.
Athenian girls stayed at home and their mothers taught them spinning, weaving, and other household duties.
Women married and stayed home to keep house and to teach their own daughters.
Athenian boys went to school where they learned reading, writing, math, music, and sports to become well rounded citizens.
At age 18, boys finished school and became citizens.
Athenian Boys
Athenian Girls

24. 4. 1. 2. 5. 3. 6. Early Athens Government of Athens
An assembly of citizens
existed with few powers
and the government
was an oligarchy.
Early Athens
Athens after
600 B.C.
Government of Athens
Members of the assembly were chosen by lottery. 4. 1.
Athenians rebelled against the nobles because many were farmers who owed money and had to sell themselves into slavery to pay their debts.
Until the 600’s B.C., Athens was ruled by landowning nobles. 2. 5.
Farmers demanded an
end to all debts and land
for the poor. 3. 6.
In 594 B.C. the nobles
turned to Solon as a leader.

25. ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

26. The Acropolis Today

27. The Parthenon

28. The Agora

29. Olympia

30. Olympia: Temple to Hera

31. w
The 2004 Olympics

32. Solon’s Reforms to the Government
Canceled all the farmers debts.
Refused to give away the wealthy nobles’ land.
Freed those who had become slaves.
A council of 400
wealthy citizens
wrote the laws
but the assembly
had to pass them.
Allowed all male citizens to participate in the assembly and law courts.

33. Solon, Reformer of Athens

35. After Solon, there were 30 years of turmoil.
A tyrant named Peisistratus seized power in 560 B.C. and won support of the poor by dividing large estate among landless farmers. 1. 2.
He also loaned money poor people and gave them jobs in public works. 3.
Cleisthenes came to power in 508 B.C. and reorganized the assembly. 4.

36. Reforms of Cleisthenes Made Athens a Democracy
Power to debate matters openly, hear court cases and appoint army generals.
Gave assembly
power
Although women, foreign-born men, and slaves were excluded from voting.
Made Athens a Democracy
Created a council of 500 citizens
Helped the assembly carry out daily business such as: proposing laws, dealing with foreign countries, and overseeing the treasury.

37. The impact of Cleisthenes' reforms was felt almost immediately, revolutionizing all aspects of Athenian life. Democracy released unheard of potentials in its citizens and ushered in an age of achievement and prosperity.
What happened to Cleisthenes after instituting his reforms is, however, a mystery.