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Section Two: The Greek City-States

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1 Section Two: The Greek City-States

2 Section 2 Objectives Define city-state & tell how the city-state of Sparta & Athens differed

3 I. The Polis: Center of Greek Life
By 750 B.C., the polis (city-state) became the central focus of Greek life It was a town, city or village serving as a center where people met for political, economic, social & religious activities

4 The Polis: Center of Greek Life
The main gathering place was usually on a hill, topped with a fortified area called the *acropolis Below was the agora, an open area for people to assemble & for a market

5 Acropolis

6 Acropolis Agora

7 The Polis: Center of Greek Life
Athens was the largest city-state Polis was a community of people who shared an identity & goals

8 The Polis: Center of Greek Life
Three classes: 1. citizens with political rights (adult males) 2. citizens without political rights (women & children) 3. noncitizens (slaves & resident aliens)

9 The Polis: Center of Greek Life
Responsibilities accompanied rights Loyalty made the city-states fiercely patriotic & distrustful of one another Helped bring Greece to ruin

10 The Polis: Center of Greek Life
Military system based on hoplites Infantry who carried shield, sword & spear The fought shoulder to shoulder in a *phalanx formation

11 phalanx formation

12 Spartan Hoplite Phalanx

13 750 & 550 B.C. many Greeks settled distant lands Trade & good farmland
II. Greek Colonies 750 & 550 B.C. many Greeks settled distant lands Trade & good farmland Cities of Hellespont, Bosporus & Byzantium

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15 Exports: Pottery, wine & olive oil Imports: lumber, grain & slaves
Greek Colonies Exports: Pottery, wine & olive oil Imports: lumber, grain & slaves New wealthy class of merchants

16 III. Tyranny in the City-states
New wealth led to the rise of tyrants Greek tyrants were rulers who seized power by force from the aristocrats Oppressive rules Aristocrats oppressed them, peasants supported them

17 Tyranny in the City-states
Seized & kept power by using hired soldiers Built new walls & temples Fall out of favor by the 6th century B.C.

18 Government in the City-states
*Democracy – ruled by the many Other city-states remained committed to government by an *oligarchy, rule by the few Athens & Sparta

19 IV. Sparta Greek city-state Gained land through conquest of neighbors Captured people were known as helots These serfs worked for the Spartans

20 A military State 800 & 600 B.C. Rigidly controlled & disciplined Entered the military at 20 & lived in the barracks until 30

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22 A military State Stayed in the army until 60 Women & men lived apart Women expected to remain fit to bear & raise healthy children Men expected to be brave in battle, to win or be killed

23 B. Government of Sparta The Spartan government was an oligarchy
Ephors – were elected each year & were responsible for the education of youth & the conduct of all citizens 2 kings & 28 men made up the government Did not debate, but only voted

24 Government of Sparta Closed itself off from the outside world Travelers & travel discouraged Frowned upon new ideas & the arts

25 A king ruled early Athens
V. Athens A king ruled early Athens By 7th century B.C., oligarchy of aristocrats Economic & political troubles

26 Reformist Solon appointed leader in 594 B.C.
Athens Reformist Solon appointed leader in 594 B.C. Canceled debts, but did not give land to the poor Led to tyranny

27 Athens Appointed the reformer Cleisthenes in 508 B.C. Created a new council of five hundred Proposed new laws & supervise the treasury & foreign affairs

28 Assembly had final authority to pass laws after free & open debate
Athens Assembly had final authority to pass laws after free & open debate *Reforms of Cleisthenes created the foundation for Athenian democracy

29 Acropolis

30 Early Acropolis

31 Chapter Objectives Describe the roles of the Persian & Peloponnesian wars in Greek history List the cultural contributions of the Greeks to Western civilization Explain how Alexander the Great created his empire


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