1. “New Imperialism”
The West and the World
4/25/2017

2. Day 2 – Scramble for Africapp

3. Africa: before and after Map24.2, pg. 723
Which European countries had a presence in Africa before 1870?
Where were French colonies most prevalent? British?
What African countries remained independent in 1914? Why?

4. Settler Colonies in South and North Africa
Settler colony = large number of European settlers inhabit an area
North American, South America, Australia
South Africa – Dutch Boers then English settlers
Europeans = 10% population BTU control the economy and government
Union of South Africa, 1900
African National Congress, 1912
French Algeria
Europeans = 40% population
French dominate economy and gov’t
Arab-Muslims = no political rights

5. Congo River Basin Founded by Belgian king Leopold II
Interested in increasing his own personal wealth – rubber, palm oil, ivory
Congo Free State, 1885 – run by Leopold II and his Force Publique (mercenaries)
Used forced labor and incredibly cruel and brutal punishments on laborers
1908 colony turned over to Belgian state due to reports of atrocities perpetrated by Leopold
Congo gained independence in 1960
Currently a hotbed of revolutionary violence and human rights injustices

6. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Elephant tusks in Central Africa. Ivory was a prized possession used for decorative purposes and jewelry.
Caravan with Ivory, French Congo, (now the Republic of the Congo). Robert Visser (1882–1894). c. 1890–1900, postcard, collotype. Publisher unknown, ©1900. Postcard Image No. EEPA Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives. National Museum of African Art/Smithsonian Institution

7. Berlin Conference
Bismarck tries to avoid war in Europe & find answer to “African question”
no African leaders were invited
draft procedural code for acquisition of territory
est. boundaries of Congo Assoc. as international state
Results:
Congo: Belgian King but other can trade there
More liberal use of Congo / Niger rivers
European countries occupying coast take precedence over others
Acquire by:
Occupation – “indirect rule” & administrative or military presence
Notify other nations of occupation and claim
European countries rule all of Africa except Ethiopia and Liberia

8. German Colonies
German Colonial Union & Emperor Wilhelm II press Bismarck to expand German Empire
Southwest Africa
Togo(land)
Cameroon
East Africa
Results
Great Britain perceive German colonies as a threat to their imperial interests
Economically unprofitable – cost German taxpayers
Herero Revolt, – genocide in South West Africa

9. Boer – British Conflict
Boers/Afrikaners (White Dutch South Africans) vs. British
Dutch original settlers in Cape Town
British arrive after Napoleon – Cape Colony
1835 Boers Great Trek to area btw. Orange and Vaal Rivers
1877 British seize Transvaal, Boers revolt, British recognize South African Republic
Cecil Rhodes, attempts to overthrow the Boers
Boer War, pg. 726
1910 Union of South Africa