1. Absolutism

2. Absolutism Defined A government in which all power is centralized – total control over all aspect of life by the monarch (king)

3. Louis XIV Secured all power of France under his rule His economic advisor, Colbert, helped reform taxes to increase Louis’ wealth Louis built Palace of Versailles as a display of his power Revoked the Edict of Nantes because religious unity would increase French power

4. Louis XIV Under Louis XIV, France became the model for absolutism He said “I am the state” Nickname: The Sun King

6. Peter the Great Romanov ruler of Russia Wanted to catch Russia up to Western Europe Traveled around Europe to learn about their ways and bring knowledge back to Russia

8. Frederick the Great Ruled Prussia as an absolute monarch Made many reforms to the military Created Europe’s strongest military

9. Enlightened Despots A few monarchs retained absolute control of their countries while also enacting reform based on Enlightenment ideas.  Austria: Maria Teresa and her son Joseph II  Russia: Catherine the Great

10. Reforms of Enlightened Despots They reduced taxes for peasants Provided free education Ended censorship in their empire Some religious toleration Sought the advice of nobles and peasants in the running of government

11. The Puritan Revolution

12. Absolutism in England??? After Queen Elizabeth died she appointed her cousin James I (Stuart Family) to be king

13. James I James I admired the absolutism of Louis XIV and wanted to rule absolutely also James I did not want to share power with English Parliament Declared divine rights of kings – that God gave him the right to rule Resented have to ask Parliament for money for war

14. Charles I James’ son, Charles I ruled in the same way He tried to move England toward becoming an absolute monarch rather than a limited monarch that shared power with Parliament

15. The Parliament Many Parliament members were Puritan and resented rule by Anglican kings Parliament grew tired of the kings’ attempts to take all the power to rule =

16. English Civil War Civil War broke out in England  King & Royalists V Parliament & Puritans Royalists lost King Charles I was beheaded Puritan Oliver Cromwell ruled from 1653- 1658 as “Lord Protectorate”

17. The Restoration Oliver Cromwell died in 1658 The Stuart Family was restored to the throne as monarchs of England Charles II became king

18. James II Charles’ son, James II, started to try to reintroduce absolutism into England and resist Parliament control Parliament gathered forced to resist James II’s quest for power James II fled England and went to hide in France

19. Glorious Revolution - 1689 Parliament invited James’ daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange (the Netherlands) to rule This bloodless revolution is known as the Glorious Revolution

20. English Bill of Rights William and Mary were forced to sign English Bill of Rights before they could take the throne This document said they must share power with Parliament – created a limited monarchy – no chance of absolutism