2. Skeletal System Disorders

3. Osteoporosis Affects 25 million Americans, 80% are women Most often seen in post- menopausal, white women The mineral density of the bone is reduced leaving the bones thinner, porous and susceptible to fracture Person loses calcium and phophorous

4. Bone Loss Bone at age 33

5. Bone Loss Bone at age 55

6. Bone Loss Bone at age 75

7. Treatment for Osteoporosis Aimed at preventing or slowing down the process: –Adequate calcium intake –Regular exercise –Estrogen (hormone supplement) for post- menopausal women –Avoid high sodium & potassium diets –Bone density studies

8. Fractures A break in the bone

9. Types of Fractures Closed/Simple- Bone breaks but does not pierce the skin

10. Open/Compound Fracture Open/Compound Pierces through the skin—need to be concerned with infection

11. Greenstick Fracture Common in children Bone is bent but never separates

12. Comminuted Fracture bone is splintered or broken into many pieces

13. Ways to Treat Fractures 1.Closed reduction-bone fragments are brought into alignment by manipulation and a cast is applied to immobilize the bone 2.Open Reduction- Surgical intervention where devises such as wires, plates or screws are used to hold the bone in alignment and cast or splint is applied 3.Traction- A pulling force is used to hold the bone in place (used for fractures of the long bone)

14. Sprain An injury to a joint caused by anysudden or unusual motion Occurs most often to a joint while running Often occurs with damaged ligaments Signs: Swelling and pain in the joint area

15. Treatment for a Sprain R-I-C-E R: Rest I: Ice to decrease swelling C: Compression (with an ace bandage) E: Elevate to decrease swelling

16. STRAIN overstretching or tearing a muscle Tx— PRICE:protection rest, ice, compression and elevation

17. Dislocation Bone displaced from proper position in joint

18. ARTHROSCOPY examination into joint using arthroscope with fiber optic lens most knee injuries treated with arthroscopy.

19. Arthritis Inflammation of one or more joints Also called osteoarthritis

20. Abnormal Curvatures of the Spine When the spine has a curvature different from the norm Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis

21. Kyphosis AKA: Hunchback A humped curvature in the thoracic curvature of the spine

22. Lordosis AKA: Swayback Exaggerated inward curvature in the lumbar region of the spine just above the sacrum

23. Scoliosis A side-to-side or lateral curvature of the spine causing 1 shoulder to be lower than the other

25. Treatment for Abnormal Curvatures 1.Exercise 2.Back brace 3.Insertion of a metal rod

27. Arthritis Inflammation of the joints Most commonly seen in the hand and knee joints

28. Arthritis Treatment Medications called nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs. A real exercise program— swimming, golf, walking, tennis, range-of-motion exercises (such as stretching) Physical therapy

29. The End