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Enlightenment Thinkers 2.1 Notes
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Rules discovered through reason; can they be applied to society? Natural Laws
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Hobbes –Leviathan –People are greedy, selfish –Social contract- give up some freedoms for an organized society –Absolute monarchy!
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Locke Two Treatises of Government People have the ability to make good choices Governments formed to protect rights Natural rights: life, liberty, property (pursuit of happiness) People can overthrow a gov’t that doesn’t do its job
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How did Hobbes and Locke differ in their views on the role of gov’t?
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The Philosophes
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Rousseau The Social Contract People are naturally good, society corrupts them Some controls are necessary, but only fairly elected gov’t should impose them
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Montesquieu Spirit of the Laws Three branches of government, separation of powers Mon-tes-quieu: three branches
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Voltaire Opposed slavery Battled injustice, corrupt officials and prejudice Freedom of Speech
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Diderot Edited Encyclopedia Collected works of other writers Spread Enlightenment ideas: gov’t, philosophy, and religion Pope threatened to excommunicate anyone who bought or read it Wanted to change way of thinking
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What topics or ideas were addressed by the philosophes in their Encyclopedia articles?
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Women Challenge the Philosophes “free and equal” did not apply to women
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Wollstonecraft Vindication of the Rights of Women Equal education for girls and boys Would lead to equality in society for women
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Adam Smith Laissez-faire: “leave alone”, little or no gov’t involvement Rejected mercantilism (gov’t regulated business to achieve a positive balance of trade) Wealth of Nations Free market should regulate trade (supply and demand)
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