1. Label each organism in the above food web: producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, Tertiary consumer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore.

2. Starter 10-2-08 1. Name abiotic factors that get cycled through ecosystems. 2. Name the cycles that you know and describe them.

3. Starter 1. Name the 5 abiotic factors that get cycled through ecosystems. 2. Name the 4 cycles we talked about. 3. How do animals and plants support life for each other? Name the two processes. 4. List what puts CO 2 into the atmosphere. What takes it out? 5. Describe three roles that bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle. 6. Starting with N 2, explain where it goes and what does the cycling along the way. 7. Starting with a snowflake. Explain the water cycle. 8. How does the phosphorous cycle differ from the other cycles (2 ways)? 9. Why is the phosphorous cycle necessary?

5. Energy Transfer and What else…

6. Cycles 3 steps Producers  abiotic factors  organic compounds Consumers  Producers then… #1 and #2 Decomposers  inorganic  raw materials Water Carbon – oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous By the end you will be able to diagram and explain them.

7. Water – Who are the actors? Ground Water H2O found in the ground Evaporation Liquid  Gas Warm Transpiration Liquid  gas from plants Water Vapor Gaseous H2O Condensation Gas  liquid Cold Precipitation Water returning to the ground Rain, sleet, snow, hail, etc… Runoff Precipitation that is not absorbed and runs off into a ground water source

9. Carbon and Oxygen – Living Players Producers Organic compounds from inorganic supply Photosynthesis CO 2 + H 2 O  Suns energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Recycled via Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O Decomposition

10. Carbon and Oxygen – Nonliving Players Fossil fuels CO2 Burning of Wood Natural Human Geologic Events Volcanic eruptions

11. Cellular Respiration and Decay Photosynthesis CO 2 in Atmosphere Combustion of fossil fuels Volcanoes Forest Fires Fossil Fuels Cellular Respiration and Decay

12. Nitrogen Amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids Atmosphere ~80% Nitrogen (N2) Not helpful Can’t use N2 gas If not N2, then what? Ammonium (NH4+) Nitrate (NO3-) How do we get there?

13. Nitrogen Cycle N2 in the atmosphere 1. Nitrogen fixation Bacteria N2  Ammonia (NH3) Found in the soil Picks up a H to create Ammonium (NH4+) 2. Nitrification Bacteria NH4+  nitrates (NO3-) Producers  ammonium (NH4+) and nitrates (NO3-) Consumers  N in organic molecules Decomposers  wastes and decaying bodies  ammonium (NH4+) back to the soil 3. Denitrification Bacteria nitrates (NO3-)  N2

15. Phosphorous Cycle Nucleic Acids, cell membranes, ATP, ect… Doesn’t occur in the atmosphere Found only as PO 4 3- Decomposition Waste and dead organisms Weathering of rocks Fertilizers

16. Phosphorous Cycle Plants Absorb free inorganic PO 4 3- in the soil or water Create organic compounds Consumers Eat producers and create organic compounds from by breaking down plant tissues Decomposers Breakdown waste and dead organisms Releases inorganic PO 4 3- back into the water or soil

17. Assimilation by plant cells Weathering of rock Phosphates in soil Phosphates in solution Decomposition by fungi and bacteria Urine Animal tissues and feces Plant Tissues Loss in drainage Incorporation into sedimentary rock; geologic uplift moves this rock into terrestrial environments

18. Starter 1-22-08 1. Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are involved in cycling carbon and oxygen. 2. List what inputs CO 2 into the atmosphere. 3. Describe three roles that bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle. 4. Starting with N 2, explain where it goes and what does the cycling along the way. 5. Follow a raindrop through one possible path through the water cycle, ending as it is today, snow!!