1. CYCLES OF MATTER
The Water Cycle
Nutrient Cycles
The Carbon Cycle
The Nitrogen Cycle
The Phosphorus

2. The WaterCycle
Life depends on the recycling of chemicals. Chemicals pass back and forth between organic matter and the abiotic components.
A biogeochemical cycle is the cycling of elements of ecosystems, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter which are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another.
It connects biological, geological and chemical aspects of the biosphere.

3. Water Chemical Properties+
Two atoms of hydrogen o -
One atom of oxygen

6. What Does Water Move Between?
Water moves between the land, oceans, and atmosphere.
Water vapor is water molecules that enter the atmosphere as a gas when they evaporate from the ocean or other bodies of water

7. Evaporation
The process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas

8. Heat from the sun changes water into water vapor
Condensation
Heat from the sun changes water into water vapor
Water vapor produces droplets of water
that form clouds

9. Transpiration
The process by which water enters the atmosphere by evaporating from leaves

10. The form may consist of rain, snow, sleet, or hail
Precipitation
Results when the water droplets are large enough and the water returns to Earth’s surface
The form may consist of rain, snow, sleet, or hail

11. Rain or snow falls from clouds

12. Forms of Precipitation

14. Condensation Transpiration Precipitation Evaporation The Clouds form
The movement through plants
Precipitation
The rain falls
Evaporation
The vapor rises

15. Water Cycle Song (to the tune of “She’ll Be Coming Around the Mountain”)
Water travels in a cycle, yes it does.
Use pointer finger to draw large circle in air.
Repeat above motion.
It goes up as evaporation,
Raise arms at side with palms up.
Forms clouds as condensation,
Brings hands together above head, forming large cloud shape with arms.
Then falls down as precipitation, yes it does.
Slowly lower arms at side with palms down, fingers moving.

16. The Carbon Cycle

17. Carbon Cycle

18. Importance of Carbon Found in all living organisms
Found in the oceans, air, and certain types of rocks
Less than 1 % circulates within the biosphere

19. Four Process of the Carbon Cycle
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration; decomposition of plants and animals
Release of CO2 into the atmosphere by volcanoes
Burial of carbon rich remains of organisms, their conversion into coal and petroleum (fossil fuels) through the pressure of overlying earth
Human Activity: mining, burning of fossil fuels, cutting and burning down of forests

20. Steps of the Carbon Cycle
Carbon is present as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Released in the air by volcanic activity, burning of fossil fuels, and decomposition of organic matter and cellular respiration
Plants take in CO2 and use it to produce high energy sugars (carbohydrates) during photosynthesis
Carbohydrates are passed along the food chain to other organisms

21. Steps of the Carbon Cycle
Carbon is found in the oceans, along with calcium and oxygen, in calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which is produced by many marine organisms
Calcium carbonate can also be formed chemically in certain marine environments; it accumulates in marine sediments and in the bones and shells of organisms
They eventually breakdown and the carbon returns to the atmosphere

22. References Missouri Science Teaching and Education Partnerships
Prentice Hall Biology by Miller and Levine

23. Phosphorus Cycle

24.        
Phosphorus Cycle                     

25. Importance of Phosphorus
Components of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA); life sustaining molecules
Components of biological membranes
Absorbed by plants from the soil or water and bind the phosphate into organic compounds

26. Phosphorus Facts Not common in the biosphere
Remains mostly on land in rock and soil minerals, and in ocean sediments
Exists in the form of inorganic phosphates
Released by the breakdown of rocks and sediments
Some is washed into rivers and streams, where it dissolves

27. Eventually ends up in oceans where it is used by marine organisms
Some phosphates stay on land and cycle between organisms and the soil
Organic phosphates move through the food web, from producers to consumers, and to the rest of the ecosystem

28. The Nitrogen Cycle

30. Importance of Nitrogen
All organisms need nitrogen to make amino acids, the building blocks of proteins
Several different forms of nitrogen occur naturally in the atmosphere
Nitrogen gas (N2) makes up about 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere
Nitrogen-containing substances are found in wastes produced by many organisms as well as dead or decaying ones; examples are ammonia (NH3), nitrate ions (NO3), and nitrite ions (NO2)

31. Importance of Nitrogen
Nitrogen also exists in different forms in the oceans and other large bodies of water
Human activity adds nitrogen to the biosphere in the form of nitrate (a major component of plant fertilizers)

32. Steps of the Nitrogen Cycle
Only certain types of bacteria can use the form of nitrogen gas
Bacteria that live in the soil, on the roots of plants called legumes, can convert nitrogen gas into ammonia (NH3): process is called nitrogen fixation
Other bacteria convert ammonia into nitrates and nitrites

33. Steps of the Nitrogen Cycle
Once nitrates and nitrites are available, producers use them to make their own proteins
Upon death, decomposers return the nitrogen back to the soil as ammonia
The ammonia is taken back up by the producers
Other bacteria convert the nitrates back into nitrogen gas: process is called denitrification
Denitrification releases nitrogen back into the atmosphere