1. Warm-up 1/9: Finish Pedigree Worksheet: #11-16
Turn in LAB from Yesterday with Karyotype Stapled to written section.

2. Warm-up 1/9: What is a clone? What do you think a DNA Finger Print is?
Biotech Quest Quiz: Tuesday 1/14

3. Biotechnology Notes
Chapter 9

4. Biotechnology
Scientist change an organism’s DNA to give it new traits.
Possible because all organisms have the same Genetic Code

5. What are the benefits? Insert needed gene into an organism
Make better vegetables/fruits
Identify a suspect
Increase biodiversity

6. Restrictive Enzymes Cuts DNA Act like molecular “scissors”
Lets scientist take out and insert a new gene

7. Restrictive Enzyme
Different restrictive enzymes cut in different places
They recognize nucleotides between 4 and 8 bases long

8. Restrictive Enzymes Some cut straight and make “blunt ends”
Some cut staggered and make “sticky ends”

9. Gel electrophoresis
Uses an electrical current to separate DNA sequences that were cut by restrictive enzymes.

10. Gel electrophoresis Electrical currents pull the pieces through a gel
Smaller fragments can move faster & farther than longer fragments

11. Gel electrophoresis Each piece creates a band on the gel
Creates a DNA fingerprint
Everyone has their own unique DNA fingerprint

12. DNA Fingerprinting Made by restrictive enzymes and gel electrophoresis
What is it used for?
Paternity tests
Evidence in criminal cases
Studying biodiversity
(mother) (child 1) (child 2) (father)

13. http://player. discoveryeducation. com/index. cfm

14. Plasmid loops of DNA in bacteria
restriction enzymes cut plasmid and foreign DNA
foreign gene inserted into plasmid

15. Recombinant DNA Contains genes from more than one organism
(bacterial DNA)

16. Transgenic Organism Has one or more genes inserted in it’s DNA
Has recombinant DNA

17. Transgenic Organism Transgenic bacteria used to make human protein
Gene inserted into plasmid
Plasmid inserted into bacteria
Bacteria makes the protein the gene coded for

18. Uses of Transgenic Organisms
Transgenic plants used in agriculture
Creates crops resistant to frost, diseases, and insects
Food produced more quickly and cheaply

19. Uses of Transgenic Organism
Transgenic animals
Used to study diseases and gene functions.

20. Concerns about Genetic Engineering
possible long-term health effects of eating GM foods
possible effects of GM plants on ecosystems and biodiversity

21. Class work
Vocabulary Chart

22. Cloning & Gene Therapy Notes

23. Genetic Screening Test DNA to detect genetic diseases
determines risk of having or passing on a genetic disorder
can detect genes related to an increased risk of cancer
can detect some genes known to cause genetic disorders
DMD N

24. Gene Therapy Is the replacement of faulty genes
Gene therapy replaces defective or missing genes, or adds new genes, to treat a disease.

25. Gene Therapy Has many technical difficulties
Inserting gene into correct cell
Determining effect on other genes
Only way to cure genetic disease is to change the affected DNA

26. Cloning
A clone is a genetically identical copy of a gene or of an organism.

27. Cloning Cloning occurs in nature. bacteria (binary fission)
some simple animals (budding, regeneration)
Identical twins

28. Cloning
Mammals can be cloned through a process called nuclear transfer.
nucleus is removed from an egg cell
nucleus of a cell from the animal to be cloned is implanted in the egg

29. Benefits of Cloning
Human organ transplants
Save endangered species

30. Concerns of Cloning Low success rate Clones less healthy than original
Ethical controversy

31. Jurassic park