1. 12/3 Do Now Select three vocabulary from Chapter 10
Write the word and definition
Draw a small picture or illustration that helps to define the vocabulary word

2. The Early Middle Ages: After the Fall of the Roman Empire
Discovery Education

3. Clear Targets The student will be able to:
demonstrate understanding of the conflict and cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs
explain the roles of Charlemagne, Gregory VII, and Emperor Henry IV
Examine the spread of Christianity

4. Chapter 10 Lesson 1 The Early middle ages
Mrs. Stoll 7th Grade World History

5. Geography of Europe
In A.D. 476 Germanic groups invaded and overthrew the last emperor in Rome
Europe entered a new era known as the Middle Ages, or medieval times
1,000 year period between ancient and modern times
Western Europe was divided into many kingdoms
Christianity strongly influenced society

6. Geography of Europe
Continent of Europe is a huge peninsula with many smaller peninsulas branching out from it
Most land in Europe lies within 300 miles of a seacoast
Location encouraged trade and grew the economy

7. Rivers and seas
Major rivers, such as the Rhine, Danube, Seine, and Po played an important role in Europe’s growth
These rivers were navigable, wide or deep enough for ships to use
Rivers provided protection and possibilities for trade
Rhine River

8. Mountains
Southwest- Pyrenees isolated Spain and Portugal from rest of Europe
Alps separated Italy from central Europe
Mountains made it difficult for one group to control all of Europe and encouraged independent growth

9. Kingdoms in western Europe
By A.D. 500, Western Europe had divided into many Germanic kingdoms
Germanic people in Italy and Spain adopted many Roman ways
People farther from Rome held on to more of their Germanic traditions
Roman influence was even weaker in Britain

10. Kingdoms in western Europe
After Roman armies
abandoned what is modern
day England, Germanic
groups known as Angles and
Saxons settled there
Eventually became known as Anglo-Saxons and pushed out earlier settlers known as Celts
Celts fled north and west, while others crossed the sea to Ireland
Scottish, Welsh, and Irish individuals are largely descended from the Celts

11. The franks in europe
Franks are considered the strongest Germanic group
Settled in what is now France and western Germany
In 481 Clovis became king of the Franks
Fifteen years later he became the first Germanic ruler to accept Catholic Christianity, before long almost all of the Franks became Catholic

12. THE FRANKS IN EUROPE
After his death Frankish kings lost much of their power
By 700, power had passed from kings to government officials known as mayors of the palace
In 714, Charles Martel or “Charles the Hammer” became the mayor of the palace
Martel had the full support of the pope, or head of the Catholic Church

13. THE FRANKS IN EUROPE
Both wanted to strengthen Catholic Christianity in the lands of the old Western Roman Empire
Martel’s first priority was to stop the spread of Islam into Europe
By the early 700s, Muslims from North Africa had conquered Spain and entered France
In 732, Martel defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours which stopped the advance of Islam into Western Europe

14. THE FRANKS IN EUROPE
The victory at the Battle of Tours also ensured that Christianity would remain Western Europe’s major religion
After Martel’s death, his son, Pepin became mayor of the palace
With the support and blessing of the pope he became king of the Franks

15. THE FRANKS IN EUROPE
In 754, Pepin forced a Germanic group called the Lombards to leave Rome
He gave a large strip of Lombard land to the pope
These lands became known as the Papal States.

16. Discovery Education
A.D : Merovingian Kings Charles Martel and Pepin the Short: Pope Legitimizes King's Power: Charlemagne Crowned 1st Holy Roman Emperor

17. The emperor Charlemagne
After Pepin’s death in 768, his son Charles became king of the Franks
Charles doubled the size of his kingdom to include present day Germany, France, northern Spain and most of Italy
By 800, the kingdom had become an empire.
For the first time since the fall of Rome, most Western Europeans were ruled by one government.

18. The emperor Charlemagne
His conquest won him the name of Charlemagne, or Charles the Great
In 800, Charlemagne came to Rome and defended the pope against unruly Roman nobles
On Christmas day, the pope crowned Charlemagne the new Roman emperor
He worked to strengthen the empire
The central government was small and Charlemagne relied on local officials called counts to help him govern

19. The emperor Charlemagne
Counts ran local affairs and raised armies
Charlemagne wanted to advance education within his empire
He established a school for the children of government officials
Students studied religion, Latin, music, literature, and arithmetic

20. Charlemagne
Discovery Education

21. Waves of invaders
After Charlemagne died in 814 the empire did not last long and divided into three kingdoms
In the 800s and 900s invaders swept across Europe
Muslims form North Africa raided France and Italy
Nomads called Magyars from Hungary invaded eastern parts of France and Italy
Vikings launched raids from their homeland in Scandinavia

22. Waves of invaders Norway, Sweden, and Denmark are
all part of modern Scandinavia
Viking people, known as Norsemen,
or “north men” lived in villages near
fjords-narrow inlets of the sea
Little farmland meant Vikings depended on sea for food and trade
The term Viking comes from their word for raiding
Vikings were also explorers and settlers- settling in Greenland, Iceland, England, and Normandy (France), and parts of Russia and Ukraine

23. Formation of the holy roman empire
Muslim, Magyar, and Viking invaders brought much suffering to Europe’s people
By the 900s, the eastern Frankish kingdom, known as Germany, became a collection of small territories ruled by nobles
In 911, a group of these nobles set out to unite Germany by electing a king
In 936 Duke Otto of Saxony was elected king of Germany and became a powerful ruler

24. Formation of the holy roman empire
Germanic forces defeated the Magyars and freed the pope from control of Roman nobles
The pope crowned him emperor of the Romans in 962 as a reward
Otto’s territory became known as the Holy Roman Empire; includes present day Germany and northern Italy

25. Formation of the holy roman empire
After Otto, two important emperors, Frederick I and Frederick II, tried to bring Germany and Italy under a strong central government
The popes did not want the government to control them and joined with Italy’s cities to resist the emperor’s forces
Ongoing conflict kept Germany and Italy from becoming united countries until the 1800s

26. Christianity in europe
At the time of Rome’s fall, large areas of northwestern Europe practiced a variety of non- Christian religions
In the 400s, a Christian priest named Patrick traveled to Ireland and spread Christianity
Patrick inspired Pope Gregory I, or Gregory the Great, to spread Christianity
Gregory asked monks to become missionaries- people who are sent out to teach their religion

27. Christianity in europe
In 597, Gregory sent 40 monks to Britain to teach Christianity
Eventually, by 1050, most Western Europeans had become Catholic Christians

28. The contributions of monks and nuns
Monks and monasteries provided schools and hospitals
Taught carpentry, weaving, and improved farming
Many monks created illuminations, which are manuscripts decorated with beautiful lettering and miniature religious paintings
Monks lived in communities headed by abbots
Nuns lived in convents headed by abbesses

29. Church authority Monasteries became very
wealthy and as their influence
increased, abbots became active
in politics
Kings wanted church leaders to obey them, but popes believed that kings should obey the Church.
Gregory VII, elected pope in 1073 declared that only the pope had the power to appoint high-ranking church officials
These angered the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV

30. Church authority
Henry insisted on naming his own bishops and Gregory declared that Henry was no longer the emperor and excommunicated him
This meant he no longer had the rights of church membership and could not go to heaven
German nobles supported the pope and Henry begged for forgiveness
He was forgiven, but the nobles selected a new emperor who was approved by the pope

31. Church authority
This struggle continued until 1122, when a new German king and a new pope agreed only the pope could choose bishops, but only the king or emperor could give them government posts
This agreement is known as the Concordat of Worms –signed in the city of Worms, Germany

32. Chapter 10 Lesson 1 Review Page 251
Answer questions 1-8 use textual evidence