1. CLAUSES

2. Definition
Definition - a group of words containing a subject and a verb

3. II. Two Types A. Independent / main B. Dependent / subordinate
1. May be joined by
a. comma and a conjunction (and, but. or. nor, for, yet and sometimes so)
b. a semicolon by itself
c. a conjunctive adverb (however, moreover, nevertheless, as a result, consequently, etc.)
B. Dependent / subordinate

4. Three Types of Dependant Clauses
A. Adjective
B. Adverb
C. Noun

5. Adjective Clauses A. Function as an adjective
B. Modify a noun, pronoun or another adjective
C. Answer the questions- What kind?, How many?, Which?, Who?
D. Are introduced by
relative pronouns ( that, which, whichever, who, whom, whomever, whose, what, whatever )
relative adverb (when, where)
preposition ( for whom, in which)
E. Usually located after what it modifies
F. Example- The house that I grew up in is on the corner.

6. Practice Coco Chanel is the woman for whom the perfume is named.
Here is the concert hall where we heard the great cello player Yo Yo Ma.
Ella Fitzgerald, who started singing in New York City, is famous throughout the world.
Anita was one of the sopranos who sang in the chorus.In the play My Fair Lady, Eliza Doolittle, a poor flower merchant, becomes a woman whom everyone admires

7. V. Adverb Clauses A. Function as- an adverb
B. Modify- verb, adverb, adjective
C. Answer the questions- Where?, When?, To what extent? Tell degree, time, manner
D. Are introduced by subordinating conjunctions ( although, because, since, so, that, when, whenever, as, as soon as, as though, as if, before, than, where, whether, while, until, in order that, if, unless, until)
E. Usually located – may be anywhere, but if at the beginning of a sentence it must be followed by a comma
F. Example – After he accidentally blew up the science lab, Fred thought he would be expelled from school.

8. Practice
Although they lived in different regions of North America, Native American children all across the continent enjoyed playing similar games.
These children used mainly natural objects in games since there were no toy stores.
The coach uses the second string because he wants everyone to play.
Until it is my turn to go in the game, I sit patiently on the bench.
After we spent three hours in the theater, the movie finally ended.

9. Noun Clauses A. Function as a noun 1.subject 3.direct object
2.pedicate nominative
3.direct object
4.indirect object
5. object of the preposition
B. Are introduced by how, whatever, which, whoever, whom, that, whether,, why
E. Usually located – subject- beginning
predicate nominative- after the linking verb
direct object after the verb
indirect object- after the direct object
object of preposition- after preposition
F. Examples
That Felicia is angry is obvious. (sub.)Three dollars was what he offered. (pred. nom.)The judges determined who won. (direct obj.)The sheriff gave whoever volunteered a flashlight. (i.o.)We agreed with whatever he said. (obj. of a prep.)