1. Chapter 7 Bones of the Cranium

2. Anatomical references
Process
raised area / projection of bone
Fossa
low area / depressed area of bone
Suture
aka Fibrous joint
Immovable joints of the skull
Sinus
aka (paranasal sinuses)
(4 pair)
hollow space in bone
Makes mucus
Contributes to the sound of your voice
Makes bones lighter
Foramen
hole through bone
Blood vessels and nerves pass through

3. Skull Bones
22 total Cranial bones.
8 of the ‘skull’
14 of the ‘face’

4. Skull bones
Frontal bone
1 bone
Forms forehead
Frontal sinus

5. Skull bones Parietal 2 bones Form the top sides of the skull fontanel
Aka ‘soft spot’
Where frontal bone and parietal join

6. Skull bones Occipital bone 1 bone
Forms the back and posterior base of the skull.
Foramen magnum
Largest foramen of the body
Spinal cord passes through

7. Skull bones Sphenoid bone 1 bone Forms the anterior base of the skull
Lower anterior of the side of the skull
Sphenoid sinus
‘bat wing’ shaped
Sphenoid →
(inferior)

8. Skull bones Ethmoid bone 1 bone Forms inner eye socket
Separates nasal cavity from brain
Ethmoid sinus
Many small sinuses
Honeycomb
Swiss cheese

9. Skull bones Temporal bone 2 bones Forms the lower sides of the head.
TMJ
Temporomandibular joint
Temporal bone articulates w/ the mandible
Ears are attached

10. Temporal bone Landmarks Mastoid process Styloid process
External auditory meatus
Temporal fossa
Glenoid fossa
Articular eminence

11. Facial bones Nasal bone Vomer bone Inferior nasal conchae 2 bones
Forms the bridge of the nose
Vomer bone
1 bone
Forms part of floor of nasal cavity
Nasal septum attaches
Inferior nasal conchae
Divided into superior, middle and inferior

12. Facial bones Lacrimal bone 2 bones Forms outer part of the eye socket
Ethmoid bone forms the inner part of the eye socket.
Tear ducts pass through

13. Facial bones Zygomatic bone Aka zygoma 2 bones Forms the cheek
Sides of the eye socket
‘cheek’ bones

14. Facial bones Maxilla 2 bones Forms the Largest of the facial bones
upper jaw
face
anterior of hard palate
Largest of the facial bones

15. Facial bones Landmarks of the Maxilla Median palatine suture
Infraorbital foramen
Incisive foramen
Alveolar process
Bone that supports the teeth
Maxillary sinus

16. Facial bones Palatine bone 2 bones
Forms the posterior of the hard palate.
Floor of the nasal cavity
Transverse palatine suture
Greater palatine foramen
Lesser palatine foramina (plural)

17. Facial bones Mandible Landmarks Only moveable bone of the face.
Strongest bone
1 bone (starts as 2)
½’s join at the mandibular symphysis
NO suture
Landmarks
Mental foramen
Mandibular foramen
Lingual foramen
Ramus (rami)
Condyloid process
TMJ
Alveolar process
Retromolar area

18. Facial bones

19. TMJ Temporomandibular joint Landmarks Bony
Temporal bone articulates with the mandible.
Synovial joint
Hinge/glide action
TMD
Disorder / dysfunction
Landmarks
Bony
Condyloid process
Articular eminence
Glenoid fossa
Soft tissue
Meniscus
Articular disc
Capsular ligament

20. TMJ

21. Conclusion
Knowing the bones of the head, face, and skull is an important part of your job.
Understanding the facial bones, their landmarks and how they relate to dentistry will make you more valuable to your dentist.
Any questions???????