1. Constitutionalism in Britain Essential Question: What were the main issues in the struggle between king and Parliament?

2. Two Models of Euro Political Developments Parliamentary monarchy England Absolutism See notes on Louis XIV Parliament Building in England

3. Background on England in the 17 th Century Not even represented at Peace of Westphalia England dealing with own civil war (Puritans v Anglicans) – kept them out of continental religious wars Colonies 20,000 Puritans land in New England between 1630-1640 English Catholics want to Maryland All 12 original colonies (minus Georgia) started before 1700

4. Parliament Legislative body of British govt. Powers of Parliament developed over time to limit power of the king Magna Carta Document that limited power of the King Gave certain powers to parliament 1 Parliament for whole country (like congress) House of Lords – noblemen House of Commons -- gentry Church NOT present Strong because of wealth and social issues it represented No king could rule without it, or against it

5. Stuart Kings v Parliament 1603 Queen Liz dies crown goes to son of Mary Stuart (Queen of Scots!) James VI of Scotland = James I of England Believed in absolute monarchy Believed in divine right of kings! – kings ordained by God, father to their people

6. James I Considered a foreigner (Scottish) “Wisest fool in Christendom” Kept trying to mess with parliament Always lecturing parliament on royal rights Always needed money Wanted to throw out all Puritans

7. Puritan HARD CORE protestant “purity” of worship Personal and group piety Believed English reformation not gone far enough Thought church of England too loose and too closely related to Rome still

8. Charles I James I’s son 1625 gets crown Parliament doesn’t like him Puritans dislike him too Tries to rule WITHOUT parliament Raised taxes without parliament consent – freaked everyone out Ship money Scots rebelled 1637 – king needs parliament but they are hostile King calls for new election Same men elected! Known as Long Parliament because they sat from 1640-1660

9. Long Parliament Executed chief royal advisor Abolished star chamber Prohibited the levying of new taxes without its consent Parliament must be called at least every 3 yrs. Sharply divided over Religion Puritans vs. Religious conservatives Charles wanted to raise an army to suppress Scottish Rebellion Parliament said no Charles invaded parliament

10. King vs. Parliament Civil War (1642-1646) King Army=Cavaliers Parliament’s army = Roundheads Parliament wins Puritan Republic is created Dominated by Oliver Cromwell

11. Oliver Cromwell Leader of army (Old Ironsides) Very Puritan Disbanded parliament when they hesitated in killing the king Parliament who was not disbanded = Rump Parliament (cause Oliver still needs parliament to run country) Regicide – killing king = Charles I is beheaded 1649 England declared a republic = Common Wealth

12. Cromwell Rules Religious toleration (hard for a puritan) Lots of death over religion Sucked at domestic (home) but good abroad (foreign) Navigation Acts Gained Jamaica Names himself Lord Protector = military rule Life under Lord Protector-closes bars, no dancing, bans gambling

13. End of Puritan Control Cromwell dies 1658 1660 Charles II – son of Charles I takes throne England learns lesson = no more religious governments!

14. The Restoration 1660-1688 Charles II takes throne (monarchy restored) Church of England restored Parliament restored

15. Charles II Got along with parliament Didn’t provoke like dad did Land became more like private property – did not have to pay a tax to king for property (ie no property tax) Taxation instead of feudal dues Parliament in charge of taxing English aristocracy willing to tax themselves = they get to rule (he who has the money makes the rules!)

16. New Problems Dissenters – puritans unwilling to welcome back Church of England Charles pro-catholic and pro-French! Admired Louis XIV 1670 made secret treaty of Dover Test Act 1673 = all govt.offices must be held by person of Church of England

17. James II Supporters of King = Tories People in govt. who want James un-inherited = Whigs Catholic Married 1 st to protestant lady = daughter Mary (protestant) 1685 James starts making everyone mad by trying to be absolute (remember Charles I) Married 2 nd catholic lady = son (catholic!)

18. Glorious Revolution William and Mary are invited to invade England James flees to France William and Mary take over Called glorious b/c it was a change in regime without any bloodshed

19. William and Mary James II’s daughter – Mary married to William of Orange William = Dutch and sole aim in life was to ruin France Worried about absolute power

20. English Bill of Rights  No laws suspended by the king  No taxes without parliament consent  No army without parliament consent  No one jailed without legal process Will (had to) agreed before getting crown = CONTRACT BETWEEN PEOPLE AND THEIR KING

21. Toleration Act (1689) Dissenters could practice their religion Could NOT hold public office

22. Act of Settlement (1701) No Catholic could be king or queen of England Decedents of James II still around Called “pretenders” Guy who gets throne is 52 nd in line for it! But a protestant! Ends Stuart line of monarchs Begins monarch from the House of Hanover

23. Scotland & England United under one king with James I Treaty of Union (1707) Officially merged England and Scotland into the United Kingdom Ireland also included, but Ireland catholic Ireland is discriminated causes problems for centuries

24. Effects of Glorious Rev. Parliament! Rule of Law! Right to rebel against tyranny Limited powers of king – self government Influenced writers like...JOHN LOCKE!