1. Chapter 14 The Height of Imperialism 1800-1914

2. Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia Section 1

3. European states in 1880s had a fever for overseas territory European states in 1880s had a fever for overseas territory

4. Power is not enough. You always want more. What is the extension of a nation’s power over other lands known as…. What is the extension of a nation’s power over other lands known as…. Imperialism

5. New Imperialism Europeans under the new imperialism idea sought to ….. Europeans under the new imperialism idea sought to ….. Have direct control over vast territories Have direct control over vast territories

6. Rivals.. European affairs grew tense… European affairs grew tense… States sought to acquire territory abroad why? States sought to acquire territory abroad why? To gain an advantage over their rivals To gain an advantage over their rivals

7. Responsibility? Europeans defended their imperialistic ventures because they had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive people Europeans defended their imperialistic ventures because they had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive people

8. City of the Lion In 1819, Great Britain founded a colony on Singapore In 1819, Great Britain founded a colony on Singapore (“city of the lion”). Singapore soon became a major port to and from China. Singapore soon became a major port to and from China.

9. Britain Britain wanted control of what area to protect its possessions in India? Britain wanted control of what area to protect its possessions in India?Burma

10. Vietnam France in an attempt to stop Britain from moving into Vietnam in 1857 France in an attempt to stop Britain from moving into Vietnam in 1857 The French forced the Vietnamese to accept …. The French forced the Vietnamese to accept …. French protection French protection protectorate protectorate

11. The last one standing After France conquered Indochina, Thailand was the only remaining…. After France conquered Indochina, Thailand was the only remaining…. Free State

12. Why Thailand? Two remarkable rulers prevented the takeover– King Mongkut and his son King Chulalongkorn. Both promoted friendly relations with the West and Western learning. Two remarkable rulers prevented the takeover– King Mongkut and his son King Chulalongkorn. Both promoted friendly relations with the West and Western learning.

13. McKinley’s rule President William McKinley decided to make what country into an American colony… President William McKinley decided to make what country into an American colony…Philippines

14. Emilio Aguinaldo, the leader of an independence movement. Emilio Aguinaldo, the leader of an independence movement. His guerrilla forces fought against the Spanish and the United States, who defeated the guerrillas. His guerrilla forces fought against the Spanish and the United States, who defeated the guerrillas.

15. The United States naval forces under Commodore George Dewey defeated the Spanish in Manila Bay in the Philippines. The United States naval forces under Commodore George Dewey defeated the Spanish in Manila Bay in the Philippines.

16. Indirectly you can rule your land In Indirect Rule local rulers were allowed to.. In Indirect Rule local rulers were allowed to.. Maintain their positions of authority Maintain their positions of authority

17. Elites always cause problems When local elites resisted the foreign conquest, …. When local elites resisted the foreign conquest, …. Direct Rule was enacted removing local rulers from power Direct Rule was enacted removing local rulers from power

18. It’s a matter of policy Colonial policy stressed… Colonial policy stressed… The export of raw materials as opposed to encouraging homegrown industries The export of raw materials as opposed to encouraging homegrown industries

19. Le resistance Leaders of resistance to colonial rule were often the westernized… Leaders of resistance to colonial rule were often the westernized… Intellectuals in the cities Intellectuals in the cities

20. Empire Building in Africa Section 2

21. 5 finger discount of Africa Which 5 European countries placed all of Africa under European control b/w 1880 and 1900? Great Britain Great Britain France France Germany Germany Belgium Belgium Portugal Portugal

22. Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali was a ruler in Egypt. Muhammad Ali was a ruler in Egypt. He ruled for 30 years. He ruled for 30 years. He made the following reforms: He made the following reforms: Modernized the army Modernized the army Set a public school system Set a public school system Helped create small industries in sugar, textiles, muntions, and ships Helped create small industries in sugar, textiles, muntions, and ships

23. Great Britain always has to have a say in the matter Britain believed that the Suez Canal… Britain believed that the Suez Canal… Was their lifeline to India Was their lifeline to India Built in 1854, by Ferdinand de Lesseps, a Frenchman. Built in 1854, by Ferdinand de Lesseps, a Frenchman.

24. 1879 France wins… for once France established control of what North African country? France established control of what North African country?Algeria

25. Italy tried to gain control in Africa in 1896, but were humiliated by what country? Italy tried to gain control in Africa in 1896, but were humiliated by what country?Ethiopia Italy tried again in 1911 and lost. Italy tried again in 1911 and lost.

26. Rock-cut church of Bet Giorgi, Lalibela, Ethiopia

27. King Leopold II of Belgium King Leo of Belgium colonized Central Africa.. King Leo of Belgium colonized Central Africa.. Sorta… Sorta… He hired Henry Stanley to set up Belgium settlements in the Congo He hired Henry Stanley to set up Belgium settlements in the Congo

28. What would a turkey say to the person carving it up? What role did African delegates at the Berlin Conference have as the Europeans were carving up their continent? What role did African delegates at the Berlin Conference have as the Europeans were carving up their continent? No African delegates were present. **trick question No African delegates were present. **trick question Germany, Britain and Portugal sent representatives. Germany, Britain and Portugal sent representatives.

29. God has a preference to race? The Boers believed that God ordained what in relation to race differences? The Boers believed that God ordained what in relation to race differences? They believed that whites had superiority over black people and God ordained it. They believed that whites had superiority over black people and God ordained it.

30. Racism leads to war The Boers frequently battled the Zulu, an indigenous people. The Boers frequently battled the Zulu, an indigenous people. The Zulu had risen to prominence under their great ruler, Shaka. The Zulu had risen to prominence under their great ruler, Shaka. Later the British defeated the Zulu. Later the British defeated the Zulu.

31. One of the goals of Cecil Rhodes was… One of the goals of Cecil Rhodes was… To create a series of British colonies connected by a railroad To create a series of British colonies connected by a railroad

32. He named the territory north of the Transvaal Rhodesia, after himself. He named the territory north of the Transvaal Rhodesia, after himself. Rhodes’s ambitions led to his downfall in 1896. Rhodes’s ambitions led to his downfall in 1896.

33. 1914 there were two, only two Two African countries were free independent states in 1914. They were… Two African countries were free independent states in 1914. They were… Liberia and Liberia and Ethiopia Ethiopia

34. British Rule in India Section 3

35. The “gap” There exists a gap between theory and practice in colonial policy…. There exists a gap between theory and practice in colonial policy…. Westerners had exalted democracy, equality and political freedom but did not apply these values in the colonies Westerners had exalted democracy, equality and political freedom but did not apply these values in the colonies

36. British no Indian, wait I’m confused To rule India, the British East India Company had its own soldiers and forts. To rule India, the British East India Company had its own soldiers and forts. It also hired Indian soldiers, called sepoys, to protect the company’s interests. It also hired Indian soldiers, called sepoys, to protect the company’s interests.

37. Rebellion In 1857, Indians revolted against the British. In 1857, Indians revolted against the British. Sepoy Mutiny, or Great Rebellion, to the British, and as the First War of Independence to the Indians. Sepoy Mutiny, or Great Rebellion, to the British, and as the First War of Independence to the Indians. The immediate cause was the rumor that the British were passing out bullets greased with cow and pig fat The immediate cause was the rumor that the British were passing out bullets greased with cow and pig fat

38. Kanpur At Kanpur, Indians with swords and knives massacred two hundred defenseless women and children. At Kanpur, Indians with swords and knives massacred two hundred defenseless women and children. When they recaptured Kanpur, the British took their revenge. When they recaptured Kanpur, the British took their revenge.

39. The Government takes control As a result of the Sepoy uprising, the British Parliament transferred the powers of the British East India Company to the British government. As a result of the Sepoy uprising, the British Parliament transferred the powers of the British East India Company to the British government. In 1876, Queen Victoria acquired the title of Empress of India. In 1876, Queen Victoria acquired the title of Empress of India.

40. The British government ruled India directly through a British official known as a viceroy– a governor who rules as a representative of a monarch. The British government ruled India directly through a British official known as a viceroy– a governor who rules as a representative of a monarch.

41. Benefits of British rule One benefit was that Britain brought order to a society wracked by civil war. One benefit was that Britain brought order to a society wracked by civil war. It also led to a fairly honest government. It also led to a fairly honest government. Lord Thomas Macaulay set up a new school system. Lord Thomas Macaulay set up a new school system. The goal of the new system was to train Indian children to work in the colonial administrative system and the army The goal of the new system was to train Indian children to work in the colonial administrative system and the army

42. Costs of British rule The new system served only upper-class Indians; 90 percent of the country remained illiterate. The new system served only upper-class Indians; 90 percent of the country remained illiterate. Perhaps the greatest cost to the Indians of British rule was economic. Perhaps the greatest cost to the Indians of British rule was economic. British manufactured goods destroyed local industries British manufactured goods destroyed local industries The British showed disrespect for Indian culture The British showed disrespect for Indian culture

43. Reform movement Many came from urban areas such as Mumbai (then called Bombay) and Calcutta. Many came from urban areas such as Mumbai (then called Bombay) and Calcutta. The slow pace of reform convinced most Indian nationalists they had to do more The slow pace of reform convinced most Indian nationalists they had to do more

44. Indian National Congress In 1885, a small group of Indians formed the Indian National Congress (INC). In 1885, a small group of Indians formed the Indian National Congress (INC). At first it called only for a share in the governing process. At first it called only for a share in the governing process. A split between Hindus and Muslims plagued the INC A split between Hindus and Muslims plagued the INC

45. Gandhi 1915 1915 Mohandas Gandhi Mohandas Gandhi While working at a law firm in South Africa Gandhi became aware of racial exploitation. While working at a law firm in South Africa Gandhi became aware of racial exploitation. Gandhi turned the Indian independence movement into one of nonviolent resistance. Gandhi turned the Indian independence movement into one of nonviolent resistance. The aim was to win aid for the poor and independence. The aim was to win aid for the poor and independence.

46. Nation Building in Latin America Section 4

47. Social Classes in Latin America Social classes based on privilege divided colonial Latin America. Social classes based on privilege divided colonial Latin America. The top level, the peninsulares, held the important positions. The top level, the peninsulares, held the important positions. Creoles (descendants of Europeans born in Latin America who lived there permanently) controlled land and businesses Creoles (descendants of Europeans born in Latin America who lived there permanently) controlled land and businesses

48. Social classes cont. Mestizos, the largest segment, worked as servants or laborers. Mestizos, the largest segment, worked as servants or laborers. The creole elites were especially influenced by revolutionary ideals. The creole elites were especially influenced by revolutionary ideals. They especially resented the peninsulares–Spanish and Portuguese officials who resided temporarily in Latin America They especially resented the peninsulares–Spanish and Portuguese officials who resided temporarily in Latin America

49. Haiti Led by Toussaint- Louverture 100,000 slaves rose in revolt and seized contol of the island of Hispaniola this took place before the main independence movements began. Led by Toussaint- Louverture 100,000 slaves rose in revolt and seized contol of the island of Hispaniola this took place before the main independence movements began. In 1804, the area now called Haiti became the first independent state in Latin America. In 1804, the area now called Haiti became the first independent state in Latin America.

50. Miguel Hidalgo Mexico -1810 Mexico -1810 Miguel Hidalgo was the first hero of the Mexican independence Miguel Hidalgo was the first hero of the Mexican independence Inspired by the French Revolution, he urged the mestizos to free themselves from the Spanish Inspired by the French Revolution, he urged the mestizos to free themselves from the Spanish

51. September 16, the first day of the uprising, is Mexico’s Independence Day. September 16, the first day of the uprising, is Mexico’s Independence Day.

52. Mexico becomes a republic In 1821, Mexico declared its independence from Spain. In 1821, Mexico declared its independence from Spain. The creole military leader Agustín de Iturbide named himself emperor in 1822, deposed in 1823 The creole military leader Agustín de Iturbide named himself emperor in 1822, deposed in 1823 Mexico became a republic. Mexico became a republic.

53. Elsewhere in Latin America –José de San Martín of Argentina and Simón Bolívar of Venezuela–are considered the liberators of South America. –José de San Martín of Argentina and Simón Bolívar of Venezuela–are considered the liberators of South America. San Martín believed the Spanish had to be removed from all of South America if any South American nation was to be free. San Martín believed the Spanish had to be removed from all of South America if any South American nation was to be free.

54. The United States president, James Monroe, issued the Monroe Doctrine, which warned against European involvement in Latin America and guaranteed the independence of the new Latin American nations The United States president, James Monroe, issued the Monroe Doctrine, which warned against European involvement in Latin America and guaranteed the independence of the new Latin American nations

55. Power voids lead to powerful leaders The new nations began as republics, but soon strong leaders known as caudillos came to power. The new nations began as republics, but soon strong leaders known as caudillos came to power. They ruled by force, and the landed elite supported them. They ruled by force, and the landed elite supported them. Mexican ruler Antonio López de Santa Anna. Mexican ruler Antonio López de Santa Anna.

56. Santa Anna’s mistake In 1835, American settlers in Texas revolted against him. In 1835, American settlers in Texas revolted against him. Texas gained its independence in 1836; war between Mexico and the United States soon followed (1846 to 1848). Texas gained its independence in 1836; war between Mexico and the United States soon followed (1846 to 1848). Mexico lost almost one- half of its territory Mexico lost almost one- half of its territory

57. From zero to hero Santa Anna’s disastrous rule was followed by a period of reform, dominated by Benito Juárez, a reformer and national hero Santa Anna’s disastrous rule was followed by a period of reform, dominated by Benito Juárez, a reformer and national hero

58. The U.S. way The United States’s intervention in Latin America led to the building of the Panama Canal (opened in 1914). The United States’s intervention in Latin America led to the building of the Panama Canal (opened in 1914).

59. After the Spanish American War Cuba became a United States protectorate and Puerto Rico was annexed to the United States. In 1903, the United States supported a rebellion that allowed Panama to be free

60. American interests abroad Beginning in 1898, military forces were sent into Latin America to protect American interests. Beginning in 1898, military forces were sent into Latin America to protect American interests. The United States Marines were in Haiti from 1915 to 1934, and Nicaragua was occupied from 1909 to 1933. The United States Marines were in Haiti from 1915 to 1934, and Nicaragua was occupied from 1909 to 1933.

61. Mexican Revolution The dictator Porfirio Díaz ruled Mexico between 1877 and 1911 with the support of the army, the Catholic Church, the aristocrats, and foreign capitalists. The dictator Porfirio Díaz ruled Mexico between 1877 and 1911 with the support of the army, the Catholic Church, the aristocrats, and foreign capitalists. Emiliano Zapata demanded agrarian reform. Emiliano Zapata demanded agrarian reform. Between 1910 and 1920, the Mexican Revolution raged. Between 1910 and 1920, the Mexican Revolution raged. A new constitution 1917 A new constitution 1917