1. Middle Ages
Semester 1 – Day 61

2. Bellwork
Have you ever believed in something so strongly that you would be willing to die for it?
Would you have persuaded others to go along with you?

3. Eastern Roman Empire
The Emperor Justinian had restored the empire in the Mediterranean, but fell apart after his death
Justinian is well known for his codification of law: The Body of Civil Law – basis for legal system in Europe

4. Byzantine Empire
The Eastern Roman Empire was too big to protect, had no money, a smaller population due to plague and many threats
The Byzantine Empire would consist of the eastern Balkans and Asia Minor; it was Greek and Christian
Church known as Eastern Orthodox Church
Head of the church was the patriarch

5. Constantinople Trade Building
Europe’s greatest center of trade; crossroads between the east and the west
Building
Dominated by immense palace complex, hundreds of churches and a huge arena, The Hippodrome
Many public work projects
Hagia Sopia – Church of the Holy Wisdom

6. Problems in the Empire
Split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church
East did not accept that pope was the head of the Christian faith
Pope and patriarch excommunicated each other
Beginning of schism
Seljuk Turks began attacking the empire

7. Honors 1st Crusade 2nd Crusade 3rd Crusade People Involved Results
Read pages 306 – 308: Use a table like the one below to summarize the results of the first three Crusades.
1st Crusade
2nd Crusade
3rd Crusade
People Involved
Results

8. Regular
Create a flow chart of the first, second and third crusades.

9. Crusades
A series of military expeditions to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims by Christian Europeans
Wanted liberation for Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the infidels
Pope had the west respond to the east cry for help
Motivating factors: religion, adventure, fighting, gain territory, riches, fame/fortune

10. Early Crusades
1st Crusade led by the French: captured Antioch, took the Holy City of Jerusalem
2nd Crusade: Saint Bernard of Clairvaux appealed to King Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III of Germany; total failure, Jerusalem fell to Muslims forces under Saladin
3rd Crusade: Emperor Fredrick Barbarossa of Germany, Richard I of England and Philip II Augustus of France – Fredrick drowned in a river, English and French forces unable to move inland, Philip went home and Richard negotiated a settlement with Saladin so Christian pilgrims could have free access to Jerusalem

11. Later Crusades
4th Crusade: initiated by Pope Innocent III; taken off track by a dispute over the Byzantine throne; crusaders sack the city and weaken the commercial empire; no longer a great power
Children’s Crusade: let by Nicholas of Cologne claimed inspired by God; pope told children to go home when they reached Italy; French children perished in a storm at sea while others were sold into slavery in North Africa

12. Spanish Crusade
Reconquista – the Spanish effort to drive Muslims out of Spain
Inquisition – court of the church to suppress heresy. Suspects were questioned and tortured usually included Jews and Muslims

13. Effects Attacks on Jews began
Some Christians called them “murderers of Christ”
Bitterness and hatred between Muslims and Christians
Broke down feudalism
Lessened power of the pope
Increase power of the king
True nation-states began to develop
Four strong states emerged: Portugal, Spain, England and France

14. Regular – Worksheets 14-1