2. A Quest for the Holy Land The Crusades were a series of attempts to gain Christian control of the Holy Land, had a profound economic, political, and social impact on the societies and the religions involved.

3.  Vocabulary  Crusades  Jerusalem  Schism  Pope Urban II  First Crusade  Second Crusade  Saladin  King Richard  IF – T3

4. Muslim Moors Invade Europe, 711

5. Battles of Tours & Poitier, 732

6. Eastern Mediterranean in 11c-12c

7. Crusades  A long series or Wars between Christians and Muslims  The Crusades were a series of attempts to gain Christian control of the Holy Land, had a profound economic, political, and social impact on the societies and the religions involved.

9. Causes of the Crusades Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem from the Byzantine Empire Muslims stopped Christians from Visiting Holy Land Christian pilgrims were attacked Byzantine Empire feared attack on Constantinople

10. In 1054, permanent split or schism occurred between the Orthodox Christian Church in the East and the Roman Catholic Church in the West.

11.  Roman Catholicism v. Eastern Orthodox Schism(Split) – 1054 AD  Roman Catholicism – In West Centered in Rome Priests were celibate Latin used in services Supported use of icons Headed by Pope Becomes Roman Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox – In East Centered in Constantinople Priests could marry Greek used in services Forbid use of icons Headed by Patriarch Becomes Eastern Orthodox Church

12.  Patriarch POPE

13.   Pope Urban II called for the defeat of the Turks, returning the Holy Land to the Christians The Call to Arms

14.   Feudal Lords  Knights  Peasants Who Answered the Call?

15.   Peasant army  Untrained  Lacked military equipment  Many killed by Muslim Turks  Knights sent by Lords  Succeeded in capturing Jerusalem  Only Christian Victory of the Crusades The First Crusade (1096-1099)

16. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7cUuxh3CYY 32- 41 minutes

18.   After victory many Christians went back home.  The Turks eventually took back much of the territory.  King of France and Emperor of Germany sent troops to stop the Turks. Second Crusade (1147-1149)

19.   Saladin – the leader of the Muslim Turks who defeated the Christians and claimed the Holy Land for Islam  * He was considered a very wise ruler. He was known for his sometimes kind treatment of fallen enemies. Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly chivalry. Second Crusade (1147-1149)

20.   King Richard – king of England who had a reputation as a great military leader and warrior  Had meetings with Saladin and convinced the Turkish Muslim leader to allow Christians to visit the Holy Land Third Crusade (1189-1192)

21.   Several more crusades attempted with no victories for the Christians  Children’s crusade, - 30,000 soldiers - many of them under 12 years old – Never made it to the Holy Land Crusades Continue Through 1200’s

22. The Western Crusades

23.   IF – T3  I = Improvements – Ships, Maps, Explorers  F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or spend too much money on military, leads to the end of the Middle Ages, decline of Pope’s power.  T = Turks still rule the Holy Land, increased hatred between religions  T = Travel – Europeans want to travel and explore  T = Trade – Europeans want product from the East such as sugar, cotton, silk, spices, etc. Results of the Crusades

24. Spanish Reconquista: 711-1492

25. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cMjUFBYEzqQ

26. 

27. 1.What were the causes of the Crusades? 2.What were the effects of the Crusades?

28.  Draw Conclusions How did people’s attitudes change after the Crusades? Answer(s): Europeans became more intolerant and saw Jews and Muslims as enemies; Jews and Muslims saw the Crusaders as enemies, Religious intolerance increased and changed the dynamics of the major world religions.

29.   Read and complete questions on worksheet titled – The Crusades HW

30. Rock Around the Clock